tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35020965393195290962024-03-13T17:52:37.863-07:00Mirza FaturrahiimMirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-90557329090331967982013-12-13T18:33:00.001-08:002013-12-14T01:33:42.219-08:00 Remedial Matematika<div style="text-align: center;">
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Assalamualaikum Pak Sukani</div>
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Saya Mirza Faturrahiim Dari Kelas XII-TKJ Ini adalah tugas remedial matematika saya pak, Saya Mengerjakan tugas dengan nomor
absen 16-18 berikut ini dibawah adalah tugas remedial saya : </div>
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10.Daerah himpunan penyelesaian yang memenuhi sistem pertidaksamaan <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">x+5y </span></span><u style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25px;"><</u><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25px;"> 10 : 3x+2y <u><</u> 12;<u>x</u> <u>></u> 0,y <u>></u> yang di tunjukan pada gambar di bawah ini dengan nomor...</span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25px;">A. </span>I</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">B. </span></span>II<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">C. </span></span>III<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">D. </span></span>I<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">V</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 25px;">E. V</span></span><br />
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Jawab :<br />
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*x + 5y <u><</u> 10<br />
*3x + 2y <u><</u> 12<br />
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*x + 5y <u><</u> 10 2+10 <-- Di perkecil ( di bagi 2 )<br />
x + 5y <u><</u> 10<br />
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*3x + 2y <u><</u> 12 6+4 <-- Di perkecil ( di bagi 2 )<br />
3x + 2y <u><</u> 12<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 19px;">Jawaban =</span> <span style="color: red;">A . I</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
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11.Nilai minimum z = 4x + 5y dari sistem pertidaksamaan linier x + 4y > 14 ; 3x + 2y > 12 ; x >0 ; y > 0 adalah.....<br />
A.15<br />
B.16<br />
<span style="color: red;">C.23</span><br />
D.30<br />
E.36<br />
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Jawab :<br />
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x + 4y = 14 | x1<br />
3x + 2y = 12 | x2<br />
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x + 4y = 14 x+4y = 14<br />
6x +4y = 24 2+4y = 14<br />
-5x = -10 4y = 14-2<br />
x = -10 4y = 12<br />
y = 12/4<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">-5 </span>y = 3<br />
x =1<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">5</span><br />
x = 2<br />
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Jadi<br />
4x + 5y<br />
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= 4.2 + 5.3<br />
= 8 + 15<br />
= <span style="color: red;">23</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 19px;">Jawaban = C</span><br />
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Jawab : </div>
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Sekian tugas remedial dari saya kurang lebih mohon di maafkan dalam mengerjakan tugas remedial matematika terima kasih <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Wassalamualaikum.wr.wb</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">SELESAI :)</span></div>
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Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-2758089352295864122013-06-18T09:29:00.001-07:002013-12-13T18:34:23.914-08:00Marahnya Cewek<div style="text-align: center;">
Cewek adalah makhluk Tuhan yang paling ribet. Maunya dimengerti, tapi mereka selalu membuat diri mereka menjadi sangat susah dimengerti.
Ribetnya cewek jadi makin keliatan ketika mereka lagi marah. Pokoknya, ketika cewek marah, mereka paling bisa membuat posisi cowok yang tadinya nggak salah jadi sangat merasa bersalah.
Dan marahnya cewek pun nggak gampang ditebak. Karena mereka sangat pintar menyembunyikan perasaan. Kadang yang ada di hati mereka adalah A, tapi yang keluar dari mulut mereka adalah B.
Nebak perasaan cewek jauh lebih susah dari main TTS. Main TTS gampang. Lo dikasih petunjuk, mikir, jawab, selesai. Nebak perasaan cewek nggak segampang itu. Lo dikasih petunjuk, mikir, jawab, nggak bisa langsung selesai, kadang walaupun jawaban lo benar, lo bakal dianggap salah dan disalah-salahin.
Maka dari itu, cowok dituntut untuk selalu peka. Seenggaknya, tau tanda-tanda marahnya cewek.
Supaya nggak selalu disalah-salahin dan dianggap nggak pengertian. Gue sendiri bukan cowok yang pengertian, sama kayak cowok-cowok lain yang kesulitan ngertiin perasaan cewek.
Tulisan ini pun gue buat karna gue lagi sok tau aja.
Tapi setelah gue melakukan penelitian dengan beberapa profesor dan ilmuwan dari Harvard
University, ternyata marahnya cewek itu bisa ditebak. Mereka selalu memberikan sinyal-sinyal sebagai tanda mereka lagi marah. Biasanya sinyalnya bisa berupa kode yang berbentuk sebuah kalimat.
1. "aku gapapa kok. :)"
Gue rasa, hampir semua cowok pernah terjebak di situasi seperti ini..
cowok: "kamu kenapa? marah ya?"
cewek: "aku gapapa kok :)"
cowok: "oh yaudah, kirain marah"
cewek: "KAMU EMANG NGGAK PERNAH NGERTI AKU!"
Ketika cewek bilang "aku gapapa kok" dan ditambah emoticon senyum, good luck deh, selamat datang di zona perang. Jangan lupa siapin ambulance di rumah. Jadi kalo tiba-tiba kepala lo pecah, gotong ke rumah sakitnya gampang
2. "jujur aja, gapapa, aku nggak marah kok :)"
Jangan percaya sama kalimat ini. Ini adalah kalimat jebakan. Yang artinya.. "GUE TAU LO BOHONG! JUJUR AJA KALO BERANI! PALING NTAR GUE GERGAJI JIDAT LO!". Pokoknya jangan percaya sama kalimat jebakan semacam itu. Percuma, jadinya malah serba salah. Jawab bohong salah, jawab jujur malah disalah-salahin.
3. "kamu masih sibuk ya? yaudah, semangat ya."
Kalimat ini adalah sebuah kode yang kurang lebih artinya seperti ini.. "SIBUK TERUUUS! GUE KAPAN DIPERHATIIN! NGGAK PEKA BANGET SIH JADI COWOOOOK!! TAMPOL JUGA NIH!!"
4. "..have fun ya."
Misalnya lo udah minta ijin cewek lo buat jalan sama temen lo, dan ketika lo lagi jalan, tiba-tiba dia ngirim SMS/BBM dengan menggunakan kalimat.. "have fun ya :)" itu ada kemungkinan bahwa sebenarnya dia mau bilang.. "KOK LO SENENG-SENENG NGGAK NGAJAK GUE SIH?! LO ANGGAP GUE INI APA? HAH?! BEDUG MASJID?! AQUA GALON? APAAAA?!".
5. "terserah deh"
Ini kalimat yang sering diucapkan cewek ketika lagi marah atau kecewa sama cowoknya. Kalimat ini biasanya mengandung arti.. "DASAR EGOIIIIIS! MINTA BANGET DITAKOL SENDAL APA GIMANA?! HAH?!" Hati-hati, kalimat "terserah deh" dari cewek. Jangan sekali-kali dibalas dengan.. "yaudah". Karena dapat menyebabkan kanker, serangan jantung, impotensi dan gangguan kehamilan dan janin. Sebisa mungkin ikutin aja apa maunya. Kalo nggak bisa, diemin aja dulu seminggu atau sebulan, paling besoknya rumah lo dilemparin bom molotov.
Kira-kira begitulah hasil penelitian (yang nggak penting) dari saya dan beberapa ilmuwan di dunia tentang tanda-tanda marahnya cewek. Mudah-mudahan penelitian tersebut nggak bermanfaat bagi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
Terlepas dari semua hal-hal ribet yang dilakukan cewek, sebenarnya semakin ribet cewek, semakin cowok suka. Ribetnya cewek itu justru bikin hidup cowok jadi lebih seru. Karena menurut gue, cewek yang nggak ribet itu cenderung ngebosenin. Emang sih kesel diribetin terus, tapi keselnya justru malah bikin seneng. Ya semua sih balik lagi ke selera masing-masing. Kalo gue pribadi, lebih tertarik sama cewek ribet ketimbang cewek yang biasa aja
Sumber :http://dimastayo.blogspot.com/2013/06/marahnya-cewek.html?spref=tw</div>
Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-8674049658762268942013-03-23T22:18:00.002-07:002013-03-23T22:18:45.581-07:00SoundCloud<iframe width="100%" height="450" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" src="http://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Fusers%2F19359931&show_artwork=true"></iframe>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-20909902815221620312012-03-29T07:34:00.002-07:002012-03-29T07:34:36.129-07:00Tugas1.konversikan 1111 1001(2) =......(8)<br />
2.konversikam 624 (8) = ......... (2)<br />
3.gambar di bawah ini adalah symbol<br />
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A. <br />
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B. <br />
<img alt="" height="78" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="200" /><br />
4.perhatikan pernyataan di bawah ini<br />
1.benar=salah<br />
2.hidup=mati <br />
3.siang=malam<br />
5.malam=malam<br />
<br />
5.bagaimana cara kerja gerbang not <br />
<br />
jawab :<br />
1.<br />
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGIYy3rhBmSbGb03Wk6dDcB037luReXqkp8LqAthri0WHUklvtasIiDQFPiUUv49ZEZ-mTSl56dvj-PiLepOVcrKlqlRFUHp9Xftdfcd5UfmYu-9QUuRr1PSVjbBujoixDhlst__T5CiT_/s320/IMG02836-20120213-1846.jpg" />
<br />
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5cJ9cTfaQCwWHsZeoo6-LC_RhdIJh021NdETqvYEE9gCdF-clH3V-rdvwrplnweIfnoR1Y7vuevUWHHhKBm2ySKWfbqLegaYrW-hzlnBZ69JzcA9JQodxLJuK1p_GHziv95FjTKIY2c-5/s320/IMG02837-20120213-1847.jpg" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2.<br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #28a8e1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">. </span><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi90OmLCOiikhuzz7gs4EfXFsGzLnj6LFbRJw3rUR86Mz-sh4bz6zlwMPZV60ezjt95aXSGz1_5JdrvhF9o4rg5DvN6nW-91wUNjN9HvVX_FO-n_m9yJzBSCw2jcH_LHs69DyTwpdgVUb5J/s320/IMG02838-20120213-1848.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 0px 20px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 0, 255); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(153, 0, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(153, 0, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(153, 0, 255); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 0px 20px; color: #28a8e1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative; text-align: center;" width="320" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3.symbol A = SYMBOL NAND gate yang di sederhanakan<br />
symbol B= SYMBOL NAND gate<br />
4.malam = malam<br />
<br />
5.Ini adalah sebuah gerbang OR dengan output terbalik, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh 'o' pada output. <br />
Output Q adalah benar jika TIDAK input A ATAU B ini benar: <b>Q = TIDAK (A OR B)</b> <br />
Sebuah gerbang NOR dapat memiliki dua atau lebih input, output-nya adalah benar jika tidak ada masukan adalah benarMirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-39313561414772024572012-02-02T07:05:00.001-08:002012-02-02T07:05:15.035-08:00NOT Gate<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Dalam logika</span></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">digital,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">inverter</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">atau TIDAK</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">gerbang logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">yang mengimplementasikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">negasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">logis.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Tabel kebenaran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">ditampilkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">di sebelah kanan.</span><br style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;" /><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Ini merupakan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">perilaku switching</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">yang sempurna, yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">mendefinisikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">asumsi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">dalam elektronik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">digital</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Dalam prakteknya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">perangkat yang sebenarnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">memiliki karakteristik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">listrik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">yang harus</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">dipertimbangkan ketika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">merancang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">inverter</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">. </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Bahkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">,</span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">non-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">transisi </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">yang ideal</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">wilayah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">perilaku</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">inverter</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">CMOS</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">membuatnya berguna</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">dalam elektronik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">analog sebagai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">penguat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">kelas</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">A</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"><span lang="SV" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">s<span style="color: #303030;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">ebuah inverter (pembalik) adalah gerbang dengan satu sinyal masukan dan</span><span style="line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span><span style="line-height: 15px;">satu sinyal keluaran dimana keadaan keluarannya selalu berlawanan dengan keadaan masukan. Gerbang Logika INV pada Datasheet nama lainnya IC TTL 7404.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu1sWX7ZOG0kYM0S-x8hxYXCmfM2FgruMqjkXxk9RNCKDdYIKSIjkx9VFZsX8XmRZOx4ovNoArJwDgV_qdf88txXz4g6AsfvP6Xs9TYnbtpfWZodwmSSvaJW_V_2OEqtmMHLH4O25bC8oq/s1600-h/inv+or.JPG" style="background-color: inherit; color: #467aa7; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5060331194596537058" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu1sWX7ZOG0kYM0S-x8hxYXCmfM2FgruMqjkXxk9RNCKDdYIKSIjkx9VFZsX8XmRZOx4ovNoArJwDgV_qdf88txXz4g6AsfvP6Xs9TYnbtpfWZodwmSSvaJW_V_2OEqtmMHLH4O25bC8oq/s320/inv+or.JPG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;" /></a><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.2pt; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Gmbr 2.1 Gerbang INV</span></span></div>
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tabel Kebenaran INV</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-weight: bold; height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 47.35pt;" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: solid; font-weight: bold; height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 47.35pt;" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 47.35pt;" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 8.45pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 47.35pt;" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Not-gate-en.svg/128px-Not-gate-en.svg.png" style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<i>Note Gate <span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"> (inverter) simbo</span><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">l</span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IEC_NOT.svg/128px-IEC_NOT.svg.png" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<br /><i>International Electrotechnical Commission<span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">NOT Gate (Inverter) symbol</span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"><b>Electronic Implementation</b></span></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NMOS_NOT.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NMOS_NOT.png/70px-NMOS_NOT.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></div>
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NMOS Inverter</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PMOS_NOT.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/PMOS_NOT.png/69px-PMOS_NOT.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="69" /></a></div>
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PMOS Inverter</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CMOS_Inverter.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CMOS_Inverter.svg/120px-CMOS_Inverter.svg.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></a></div>
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Static CMOS Inverter</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DigitalInverter.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="119" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DigitalInverter.png/120px-DigitalInverter.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></a></div>
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Schematic of a <i>Saturated-Load</i> Digital Inverter</div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CMOS_4049_diagram.svg/150px-CMOS_4049_diagram.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #121512; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CMOS_4049_diagram.svg/150px-CMOS_4049_diagram.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-3861790067179933072012-02-02T07:02:00.001-08:002012-02-02T07:02:26.535-08:00NOR Gate<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: red; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">digital yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mengimplementasikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logika </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">berperilaku</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">sesuai dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tabel kebenaran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ke kanan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Sebuah output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(1) hasil</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">jika kedua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ke pintu gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">RENDAH</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(0);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">jika salah satu </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">atau kedua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(1)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">RENDAH</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(0)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hasil.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hasil dari</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">negasi dari</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">operator OR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">operasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">fungsional</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">lengkap</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">kombinasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">dapat dikombinasikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">untuk menghasilkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">fungsi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logis lainnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Sebaliknya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">operator OR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">secara monotonik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">karena hanya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">dapat mengubah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">LOW ke</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">sebaliknya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tapi tidak</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Dalam</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">sebagian besar, tapi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tidak semua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">implementasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">sirkuit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">negasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">datang secara gratis</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-termasuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">CMOS dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TTL</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Dalam keluarga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">seperti</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">OR adalah </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">operasi yang lebih</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">rumit,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mungkin</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">menggunakan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">diikuti dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">NOT</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Sebuah </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">pengecualian yang signifikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">adalah beberapa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">bentuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">keluarga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">domino</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Apollo</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Komputer</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Bimbingan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">asli yang digunakan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">4.100</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">IC</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, masing-masing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hanya berisi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">satu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">3-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang NOR</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><br style="background-color: white;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 15px; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="color: red;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Gerbang<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>NOR<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>adalah<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>suatu<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>NOT-OR,<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>atau<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>suatu<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>fungsi<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>OR<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>yang<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>dibalikkan sehingga<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>dapat<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>dikatakan<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>bahwa<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>gerbang<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>NOR<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>akan<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>menghasilkan<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>sinyal<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>keluaran tinggi jika semua sinyal masukannya bernilai rendah. <span lang="SV" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Gerbang Logika NOR pada Datasheet nama lainnya IC TTL 7402.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.1pt; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbig_tHasL0FoWh6pAfRZWnhO3240ULnCqzi_e7jKblw-vfpiIn4y_CK2T5TGl3cAA_cH4BcCEyqA6LvBHjU2RMm7o9IEbALfFmEHvQZDv7oWefUpvAv9uYJfmilsm5np1afGrDy2ltEml/s1600-h/nor.JPG" style="background-color: inherit; color: #467aa7; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5060330782279676578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbig_tHasL0FoWh6pAfRZWnhO3240ULnCqzi_e7jKblw-vfpiIn4y_CK2T5TGl3cAA_cH4BcCEyqA6LvBHjU2RMm7o9IEbALfFmEHvQZDv7oWefUpvAv9uYJfmilsm5np1afGrDy2ltEml/s320/nor.JPG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 12.2pt; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Gmbr 2.5 Gerbang NOR</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;" /></span><div style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tabel Kebenaran NOR</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: solid; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: solid; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">C<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: red;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Ada tiga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">simbol untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Amerika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">(</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">ANSI atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">'militer</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">simbol dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">IEC</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">(</span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">'</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Eropa</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">' atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">persegi panjang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">simbol,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">serta</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">DIN</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">usang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Untuk informasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">lebih lanjut lihat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Logika</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table align="center" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="NOR ANSI Labelled.svg" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg/120px-NOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></a></td><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NOR_IEC.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="NOR IEC.svg" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/NOR_IEC.svg/100px-NOR_IEC.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="100" /></a></td><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NOR_DIN.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="NOR DIN.svg" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NOR_DIN.svg/100px-NOR_DIN.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="100" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><i>MIL/ANSI Symbol</i></td><td><i>IEC Symbol</i></td><td><i>DIN Symbol</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red;"><br /><span class="hps">NOR</span> <span class="hps">Gates</span> <span class="hps">gerbang logika</span> <span class="hps">dasar, dan</span> <span class="hps">dengan demikian mereka</span> <span class="hps">diakui dalam</span> <span class="hps">IC</span><span class="hps">TTL</span> <span class="hps">dan CMOS</span><span class="">.</span> <span class="hps">Standar</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">4000</span> <span class="hps">seri,</span> <span class="hps">IC</span> <span class="hps">CMOS</span> <span class="hps">adalah</span> <span class="hps">4001</span>, <span class="hps">yang mencakup</span> <span class="hps">empat independen</span>, <span class="hps">dua input</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">NOR</span>. <span class="hps">Pinout</span> <span class="hps">diagram</span> <span class="hps">adalah sebagai berikut</span><span class="">:</span> </span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NOR_Pinout.jpg/220px-NOR_Pinout.jpg" /></span><br /><pre style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-left-style: dashed; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-right-style: dashed; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-top-style: dashed; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: monospace, 'Courier New'; line-height: 1.3em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em;">1 Input A1
2 Input B1
3 Output Q1
4 Output Q2
5 Input B2
6 Input A2
7 VSS
8 Input A3
9 Input B3
10 Output Q3
11 Output Q4
12 Input B4
13 Input A4
14 VDD
</pre>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; position: relative; width: auto;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Availability">Availability</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red;"><span class="hps">Perangkat ini</span> <span class="hps">tersedia dari produsen</span> <span class="hps">semikonduktor yang paling</span> <span class="hps">seperti</span> <span class="hps">Fairchild Semiconductor</span>, <span class="hps">Philips atau</span> <span class="hps">Texas Instruments.</span> <span class="hps">Ini</span> <span class="hps">biasanya tersedia</span> <span class="hps">di kedua DIP </span><span class="hps">melalui lubang</span> <span class="hps">dan format</span> <span class="hps">SOIC</span>. <span class="hps">Lembar data</span> <span class="hps">yang tersedia</span> <span class="hps">dalam database</span> <span class="hps">yang paling</span> <span class="hps">datasheet</span>.<br /><span class="hps">Dalam</span> <span class="hps">CMOS</span> <span class="hps">populer dan</span> <span class="hps">keluarga</span> <span class="hps">logika TTL</span>, <span class="hps">NOR</span> <span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">sampai dengan</span> <span class="hps">8 </span><span class="hps">input</span> <span class="hps">yang tersedia</span>:</span><span class="hps" style="color: #333333;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps" style="color: #333333;"><b>CMOS</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span class="hps">4001</span>: <span class="hps">Quad</span> <span class="hps">2-input</span> <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span><br /><span class="hps">4025</span>: Triple <span class="hps atn">3-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span><br /><span class="hps">4002</span>: Dual <span class="hps atn">4-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span><br /><span class="hps">4078</span>: Single <span class="hps atn">8-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span></span><span class="hps" style="color: #333333;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps" style="color: #333333;"><b>TTL</b></span><br /><span class="hps"><span style="color: #333333;">7</span><span style="color: red;">402</span></span><span style="color: red;">: <span class="hps">Quad</span> <span class="hps">2-input</span> <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span><br /><span class="hps">7427</span>: Triple <span class="hps atn">3-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span><br /><span class="hps">7425</span>: Dual <span class="hps atn">4-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span> <span class="hps">(dengan</span> <span class="hps">strobo</span>, usang)<br /><span class="hps">74260</span>: Dual <span class="hps atn">5-</span>input <span class="hps">NOR</span> <span class="hps">Gerbang</span><br /><span class="hps">744078</span>: Single <span class="hps atn">8-</span>masukan <span class="hps">NOR</span> <span class="hps">Gerbang</span><br /><span class="hps"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red;"><span class="hps">Dalam</span> <span class="hps">keluarga</span> <span class="hps">RTL dan</span> <span class="hps">ECL</span> <span class="hps">lebih tua</span>, <span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">NOR</span> <span class="hps">efisien dan</span> <span class="hps">paling umum digunakan</span>.</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><b>Implementations</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><img alt="NMOS NOR.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/NMOS_NOR.png" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: orange;"><span class="hps">Diagram</span> <span class="hps">di atas menunjukkan</span> <span class="hps">pembangunan</span> <span class="hps">input</span> <span class="hps atn">2-</span>gerbang NOR <span class="hps">menggunakan </span><span class="hps">sirkuit logika</span> <span class="hps">NMOS</span>. <span class="hps">Jika</span> <span class="hps">salah satu</span> <span class="hps">input</span> <span class="hps">yang tinggi</span>, <span class="hps">MOSFET</span> <span class="hps">N-saluran</span> <span class="hps">yang sesuai</span> <span class="hps">diaktifkan dan</span> <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">ditarik</span> <span class="hps">rendah</span>, jika <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">ditarik</span> <span class="hps">tinggi melalui</span> <span class="hps">pull-up resistor</span>. <span class="hps">Diagram di bawah</span> <span class="hps">menunjukkan</span> <span class="hps atn">2-</span>masukan <span class="hps">gerbang NOR</span> <span class="hps">dengan menggunakan</span> <span class="hps">teknologi CMOS</span>. <span class="hps">Dioda</span> <span class="hps">dan resistor</span> <span class="hps">pada input</span> <span class="hps">adalah untuk </span><span class="hps">melindungi komponen</span> <span class="hps">CMOS dari</span> <span class="hps">kerusakan akibat</span> <span class="hps">debit elektrostatis (ESD</span>) <span class="hps">dan memainkan</span> <span class="hps">peran dalam</span> <span class="hps">fungsi</span> <span class="hps">logis dari</span> <span class="hps">sirkuit.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cmosunbuff.png/440px-Cmosunbuff.png" /></span></span></div>
</span></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-45285769346279844982012-02-02T06:56:00.000-08:002012-02-02T06:56:33.062-08:00EX - OR Gate<br />
<div id="gt-res-wrap" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #888888; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px;">
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="id" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span class="hps">Gerbang XOR</span> <span class="hps">(kadang-kadang</span> <span class="hps">EOR</span> <span class="hps">gerbang</span>, atau <span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">EXOR</span>) <span class="hps">adalah gerbang </span><span class="hps">logika digital</span> <span class="hps">yang mengimplementasikan</span> <span class="hps">eksklusif atau</span>, yaitu <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">yang benar</span> <span class="hps">(1) hasil</span> <span class="hps">jika salah satu</span>, <span class="hps">dan hanya satu</span>, <span class="hps">dari input</span> <span class="hps">ke gerbang</span> <span class="hps">adalah benar</span> <span class="hps">(1</span> <span class="hps">)</span>. <span class="hps">Jika kedua</span> <span class="hps">input</span> <span class="hps">adalah palsu</span> <span class="hps">(0) atau</span> <span class="hps">keduanya benar</span> <span class="hps">(1)</span>, <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">palsu</span> <span class="hps">(0)</span> <span class="hps">hasil.</span><span class="hps">Perilaku </span><span class="hps">adalah</span> <span class="hps">diringkas</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">tabel kebenaran</span> <span class="hps">yang ditunjukkan</span> <span class="hps">di sebelah kanan.</span> <span class="hps">Sebuah </span><span class="hps">cara untuk mengingat</span> <span class="hps">XOR adalah</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span>satu atau <span class="hps">yang lain tetapi</span> <span class="hps">tidak keduanya</span>". <span class="hps">Ini merupakan</span> <span class="hps">fungsi</span> <span class="hps">ketidak setaraan</span>,<span class="hps">yaitu</span>, <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">TINGGI</span> <span class="hps">(1)</span> <span class="hps">jika input</span> <span class="hps">tidak</span> <span class="hps">sama</span> <span class="hps">jika</span><span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">adalah RENDAH</span> <span class="hps">(0)</span>.<br /><span class="hps">Fungsi ini</span> <span class="hps">adalah penambahan</span> <span class="hps">modulo</span> <span class="hps">2</span>. <span class="hps">Akibatnya</span>, gerbang <span class="hps">XOR</span> <span class="hps">digunakan</span> <span class="hps">untuk mengimplementasikan</span> <span class="hps">penambahan</span> <span class="hps">biner</span> <span class="hps">dalam komputer</span>. <span class="hps">Sebuah</span> <span class="hps">setengah</span> <span class="hps">Adder </span><span class="hps">terdiri dari sebuah</span> <span class="hps">gerbang XOR</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">gerbang AND</span></span></div>
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<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Ada dua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">simbol untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">: </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">para</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">'militer</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">' </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">simbol yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">awalnya dikembangkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">di Amerika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">dan '</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">persegi panjang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">' simbol, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">yang semula</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Inggris.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Untuk informasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">lebih lanjut lihat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Logika</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">.</span> <br style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span><br style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;" /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 15px; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Gerbang X-OR akan menghasilkan sinyal<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </span>keluaran rendah jika semua sinyal masukan bernilai rendah atau semua masukan bernilai tinggi atau dengan kata lain bahwa X-OR akan menghasilkan sinyal keluaran rendah jika sinyal masukan bernilai sama semua. Gerbang Logika XOR pada Datasheet nama lainnya IC TTL 7486.</span><span lang="SV" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NSYJakOofGd-h6DibQXX4QhGtK9cNHTpKC7L5zHZdWHiFeRjHwyfCuOEN0Roh2nN8muzfQ2wuFsD996nuGyXWnA1JWq0mvS0LipzLXcwq2pequg5fXyznlnv47rhgmYvh46tESUVy-iQ/s1600-h/x-or.JPG" style="background-color: inherit; color: #467aa7; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5060330485926933138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NSYJakOofGd-h6DibQXX4QhGtK9cNHTpKC7L5zHZdWHiFeRjHwyfCuOEN0Roh2nN8muzfQ2wuFsD996nuGyXWnA1JWq0mvS0LipzLXcwq2pequg5fXyznlnv47rhgmYvh46tESUVy-iQ/s320/x-or.JPG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.2pt; padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Gmbr 2.6 Gerbang XOR</span></span></div>
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tabel Kebenaran XOR</span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A</span></b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: solid; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B</span></b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: solid; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">C</span></b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-top-style: none; height: 25.05pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 61.65pt;" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 1.6em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">0</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/XOR_ANSI.svg/128px-XOR_ANSI.svg.png" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/XOR_IEC.svg/100px-XOR_IEC.svg.png" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div>
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<i><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><span class="hps">Gerbang XOR</span> <span class="hps">dengan input</span> <span class="hps">A dan B</span> <span class="hps">mengimplementasikan</span> <span class="hps">ekspresi logika </span></span><img alt="A \cdot \overline{B} + \overline{A} \cdot B" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/math/2/1/b/21b93aa9b478097d92827e3d674323bc.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />.</i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br />Alternatives</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;" title="If a specific type of gate is not available, it can be constructed from other available gates.">Jika jenis tertentu dari gerbang tidak tersedia, dapat dibangun dari gerbang lain yang tersedia. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;" title="An XOR gate can be trivially constructed from an XNOR gate followed by a NOT gate.">Sebuah gerbang XOR dapat sepele dibangun dari gerbang XNOR diikuti oleh sebuah gerbang NOT. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;" title="If we consider the expression">Jika kita mempertimbangkan ekspresi </span><img alt="A \cdot \overline{B} + \overline{A} \cdot B" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/math/2/1/b/21b93aa9b478097d92827e3d674323bc.png" style="background-color: transparent;" /> <span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">kita dapat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">membangun sebuah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">langsung menggunakan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">AND,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">OR dan NOT</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Namun, pendekatan ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">memerlukan empat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dari tiga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">jenis</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">yang berbeda</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Sebuah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dapat dibuat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dari empat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">NAND atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">empat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">di</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">konfigurasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">ditunjukkan di bawah ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Pada kenyataannya, baik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">NAND</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dan NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">disebut</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">"gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">universal,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">" </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dan setiap</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">fungsi logis</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dapat dibangun</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">baik dari</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">NAND</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">atau NOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">logika saja</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/XOR_from_NAND.svg/300px-XOR_from_NAND.svg.png" /> </div>
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<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/XNOR_from_NOR.svg/300px-XNOR_from_NOR.svg.png" /> </div>
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<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Membaca</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">ketat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dari definisi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">observasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">eksklusif atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">IEC</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">perilaku yang benar</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">masukan tambahan</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Jika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sebuah gerbang logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">adalah untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">menerima tiga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">atau lebih</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">input dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">menghasilkan output yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">benar jika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">tepat satu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dari mereka</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">itu benar</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">maka akan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">berlaku</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">menjadi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">satu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">detektor</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">panas (</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dan memang ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">adalah kasus</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">hanya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dua (input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">). </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Namun,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">cara ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">jarang diterapkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dalam praktek</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Hal ini paling</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">umum untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">menganggap</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sebagai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">berikutnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">diterapkan melalui</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">kaskade</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">biner</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">eksklusif</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">atau operasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">: </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dua yang pertama</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sinyal yang dimasukkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">ke dalam</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">maka</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">output dari</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dimasukkan ke dalam</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">kedua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">bersama-sama</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sinyal ketiga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dan seterusnya untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">setiap</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sinyal</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> yang tersisa.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Hasilnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">adalah sirkuit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">yang output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">ketika jumlah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">1s</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">pada input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">aneh</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">, </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">dan 0</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">ketika jumlah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">1s</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">masuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">bahkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">. </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Hal ini membuat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">praktis berguna</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">sebagai pembangkit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">paritas</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">modulo</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">-2 </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">adder</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Sebagai contoh,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">microchip</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">74LVC1G386</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">diiklankan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">sebagai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gerbang logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">tiga</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dan menerapkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">generator</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">paritas</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
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<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; position: relative; width: auto;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Uses_in_Addition">Uses in Addition</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">logika XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dapat digunakan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">sebagai penambah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">satu-bit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">yang menambahkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">setiap dua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">bit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">bersama-sama</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">untuk output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">satu bit</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Sebagai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">contoh, jika kita</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">tambahkan 1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">ditambah 1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dalam biner</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">, kami</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">mengharapkan jawaban</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dua</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">-bit</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">10 (</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">yaitu 2</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dalam desimal</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Karena</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">sedikit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">jumlah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">trailing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dalam output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dicapai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dengan XOR</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">, bit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">sebelumnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">membawa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dihitung</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gerbang AND</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">adalah prinsip</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">utama dalam</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">Setengah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">penambah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">gabungan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">DAN</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">sirkuit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dapat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">dirantai</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">bersama dalam rangka untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">menambahkan nomor</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">pernah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">lagi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">biner</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Signal_crossing">Signal crossing</span></span></span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline"><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"><span class="mw-headline"><span class="hps">Gerbang XOR</span> <span class="hps">dapat digunakan untuk</span> <span class="hps">lintas</span> <span class="hps">dua sinyal</span> <span class="hps">Boolean</span> <span class="hps">tanpa memerlukan</span><span class="hps">melalui</span>. <span class="hps">Crossover</span> <span class="hps">terdiri dari tiga</span><span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">XOR</span>, <span class="hps">strategis</span> <span class="hps">diposisikan untuk</span><span class="hps">membatalkan</span> <span class="hps">efek</span> <span class="hps">satu sama lain</span>. <span class="hps">Sebuah</span> <span class="hps">hasil yang serupa</span> <span class="hps">dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan</span> <span class="hps">delapan gerbang</span> <span class="hps">NAND</span>. <span class="hps">Perhatikan bahwa</span> <span class="hps">konfigurasi ini</span> <span class="hps">hanya</span> <span class="hps">bisa menyeberang</span> <span class="hps">Boolean</span> <span class="hps">(digital</span><span class="">) sinyal</span>, <span class="hps">dan bukan</span> <span class="hps">sinyal</span> <span class="hps">analog, sehingga</span> <span class="hps">akan digunakan</span> <span class="hps">terbatas dalam</span> <span class="hps">penguat</span> <span class="hps">atau sirkuit</span> <span class="hps">analog lainnya</span>.</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Pseudo-random_number_generation">Pseudo-random number generation</span></h3>
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<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Generator</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">nomor</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">pseudo-random</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">umpan balik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">register</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">pergeseran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">linier</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">khusus</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">didefinisikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">dalam hal</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">operasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">eksklusif-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">atau.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">Oleh karena itu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">setup</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">cocok</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">gerbang XOR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">dapat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">model</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">mendaftar</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">umpan balik</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">pergeseran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">linier</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">untuk menghasilkan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">urutan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">acak</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">bit</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">.</span></div>
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<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/XOR-crossover.png" /></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-775236275736815552012-02-02T06:54:00.001-08:002012-02-02T06:54:18.348-08:00Buffer<br />
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Buffer</h3>
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<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-6635392719257345243" style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 528px;">
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<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Buffer data, memori yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data sementara output atau masukan</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Framebuffer, jenis tertentu dari buffer data untuk digunakan dalam tampilan grafis p</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">enyangga optik, perangkat yang menyimpan data optik ditransmisikan tanpa mengubahnya ke domain listrik</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Buffer penguat (juga kadang-kadang hanya disebut buffer), sebuah sirkuit mengisolasi digunakan dalam elektronik atau telekomunikasi</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Buffer (serat optik), komponen yang digunakan untuk merangkum satu atau lebih serat optik dalam kabel komunikasi serat optik</span></li>
</ul>
</div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-53114536609606830052012-02-02T06:51:00.001-08:002012-02-02T06:51:52.805-08:00Rangkaian Ekivalen<br />
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Suatu gerbang logika dapat diperoleh dari satu atau beberapa gerbang logika lainnya yang disusun dalam suatu rangkaian kombiasi tertentu. Secara matematis kombinasi tersebut memenuhi kaidah aljabar Boole, antara lain:</div>
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<ul style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Asosiatif : A+B+C=A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Komunikatif : A+B=B+A</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Perluasan : A=A+A+A.....</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Komplementasi : A+A=1</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum perjalinan dengan Konstanta : A+0=A A+1=1</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Pembalikan : A=A</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Absorpsi : A+B+C=(A+B)+(A+C)</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum Distributif : (A+B)+(A+C)=A+B+C</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hukum De Morgan : A.B=A+B</li>
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<img src="http://andihasad.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/struktur-simbol-dan-rangkaian-ekivalen-triac.png" /></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-38275088699474515652012-02-02T06:50:00.001-08:002012-02-02T06:50:26.142-08:00NAND Gate<br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">GERBANG NAND (NAND GATE)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Gerbang NAND terdiri dari dua atau lebih dari masukan dan sebuah sinyal keluaran. Semua masukan harus berharga tinggi untuk menghasilkan keluaran rendah.<br />Gambar di bawah menunjukkan struktur logika dari gerbang AND dan sebuah gerbang NOT. Keluaran akhir adalah hasil operasi NOT-AND dari masukannya. Gerbang ini lebih dikenal dengan gerbang NAND.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" height="150" width="325"><embed src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/anim/5a1.swf" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="325" height="150"></object></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Gambar struktur logika gerbang NAND</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Simbol</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Simbol gerbang NAND diperlihatkan pada gambar di bawah. Simbol NOT telah dihapus dan tanda lingkaran dipindahkan pada keluaran gerbang AND.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Gambar simbol gerbang NAND</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Rangkaian Logika</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Gambar berikut menunjukkan sebuah rangkaian logika yang equivalen dengan sebuah gerbang NAND. Operasi gerbang NAND dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut. Jika salah satu masukannya dalam keadaan rendah (saklar terbuka), maka operasi AND menghasilkan keluaran rendah (0) sehingga kebalikan (inversi) terhadap hasil ini memberikan keluaran akhir tinggi (1). Hanya jika seluruh masukan tinggi (kedua saklar tertutup) maka operasi AND akan menghasilkan keluaran tinggi (1) dan selanjutnya keluaran akhir yang rendah (0).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><img height="200" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/5b1.gif" width="350" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Gambar rangkaian logika yang ekuivalen dengan gerbang NAND</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Persamaan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Persaman gerbang NOR :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><img height="32" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/5b2.gif" width="140" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Persamaan tersebut dibaca " Y (bukan) NOT A (AND) B ".</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><br />Tabel Kebenaran</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Hasil lengkap seluruh operasi dirangkum dalam tabel kebenaran. Gerbang NAND hanya mengenali salah satu atau lebih masukan dengan bit sama dengan 0. Artinya paling sedikit salah satu masukannya harus rendah untuk menghasilkan keluaran tinggi (1)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" height="175" width="350"><embed src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/anim/5c1.swf" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="350" height="175"></object></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Tabel kebenaran gerbang NAND</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Gerbang NAND Dengan Masukan Lebih Dari Dua</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Terlepas dari berapa jumlah masukannya, sebuah gerbang NAND selalu ekuivalen dengan gabungan gerbang AND dan gerbang NOT. Pada gambar berikut menunjukkan gerbang NAND dengan 3 masukan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img height="110" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/5c2.gif" width="300" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Gambar gerbang NAND dengan 3 masukan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Sinyal-sinyal dari ke 3 masukan di AND kan kemudian hasilnya di NOT-kan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Persamaan aljabar Boole untuk 3 masukan atau lebih adalah :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img height="33" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/5d1.gif" width="200" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Analisa rangkaiannya adalah sebagai berikut. Jika salah satu atau lebih masukannya rendah, hasil operasi AND terhadap masukan-masukanya rendah, ini berarti keluran akhir tinggi. Jika semua masukannya dalam keadaan tinggi, hasil operasi AND adalah tinggi dan keluaran akhir menjadi rendah.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Tabel Kebenaran</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Tabel 13 membuktikan semua kemungkinan operasi gerbang NAND dengan 3 masukan. Jelas bahwa rangkaian ini hanya mengenali semua masukan yang mengandung bitnya 0. Artinya bahwa untuk mendapatkan keluaran yang tinggi (1), salah satu masukannya harus rendah (1).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" height="280" width="390"><embed src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/anim/5d2.swf" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="390" height="280"></object></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Tabel kebenaran gerbang NAND dengan 3 masukan</span></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-84489008066270906712012-02-02T06:46:00.000-08:002012-02-02T06:46:23.749-08:00OR Gate<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Gerbang OR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">adalah gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logika digital</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">yang mengimplementasikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">disjungsi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">logis -</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">berperilaku</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">sesuai dengan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tabel kebenaran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ke kanan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Sebuah output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(1) hasil</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">jika salah satu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">atau kedua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ke pintu gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(1)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Jika input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tidak adalah</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">RENDAH</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(0)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hasil.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Dalam</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">pengertian lain</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">fungsi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ATAU</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">efektif</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">menemukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">maksimum antara dua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">digit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">biner</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">seperti halnya</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">fungsi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">pelengkap</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">menemukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">minimum</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span> </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br />
<table align="right" class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#DDEEFF"><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>INPUT</b><br />A B</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>OUTPUT</b><br />A + B</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#DDFFDD"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#DDFFDD"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#DDFFDD"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#DDFFDD"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ada tiga</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">simbol untuk</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang OR</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Amerika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ANSI atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">'militer</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">simbol dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">IEC</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Eropa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">' atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">'</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">persegi panjang</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">'</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">simbol,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">serta</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">DIN</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">usang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Untuk informasi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">lebih lanjut lihat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Logika</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. </span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><table align="center" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OR_ANSI_Labelled.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="OR ANSI Labelled.svg" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/OR_ANSI_Labelled.svg/120px-OR_ANSI_Labelled.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></a></td><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IEC_OR.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="IEC OR.svg" height="74" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IEC_OR.svg/128px-IEC_OR.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="128" /></a></td><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OR_DIN.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="OR DIN.svg" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/OR_DIN.svg/100px-OR_DIN.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="100" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td><i>MIL/ANSI Symbol</i></td><td><i>IEC Symbol</i></td><td><i>DIN Symbol</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><br /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps">OR</span> <span class="hps">Gates</span> <span class="hps">gerbang</span> <span class="hps">logika dasar</span>, <span class="hps">dan karena itu</span> <span class="hps">mereka tersedia</span> <span class="hps">dalam keluarga</span><span class="hps">logika TTL</span> <span class="hps">dan CMOS</span> <span class="hps">IC</span>. <span class="hps">Para</span> <span class="hps">seri</span> <span class="hps">4000</span> <span class="hps">standar</span> <span class="hps">IC</span> <span class="hps">CMOS</span> <span class="hps">adalah</span> <span class="hps">4071</span>, <span class="hps">yang mencakup</span> <span class="hps">empat independen</span> <span class="hps">dua input</span> <span class="hps">gerbang OR</span>. <span class="hps">Versi</span> <span class="hps">TTL</span> <span class="hps">tradisional adalah</span><span class="hps">7432</span>. <span class="hps">Ada</span> <span class="hps">banyak</span> <span class="hps">cabang</span> <span class="hps">7432</span> <span class="hps">asli</span> <span class="hps">gerbang OR</span>. <span class="hps">Semua memiliki</span> <span class="hps">pinout</span> <span class="hps">yang sama</span> <span class="hps">tetapi arsitektur</span> <span class="hps">internal yang berbeda</span>, yang memungkinkan mereka <span class="hps">untuk beroperasi di</span> <span class="hps">rentang tegangan</span> <span class="hps">yang berbeda dan</span> <span class="hps">/ atau</span> <span class="hps">pada kecepatan</span> <span class="hps">lebih tinggi</span>. <span class="hps">Selain</span> <span class="hps">Input</span> <span class="hps atn">2-</span>standar <span class="hps">ATAU</span> <span class="hps">Gerbang</span>, <span class="hps">3</span> <span class="hps">- dan</span> <span class="hps atn">4-</span>input <span class="hps">OR</span> <span class="hps">Gates</span> <span class="hps">juga tersedia</span>. <span class="hps">Dalam</span> <span class="hps">seri</span> <span class="hps">CMOS</span>, ini adalah:<br /><span class="hps">4075</span>: Triple <span class="hps atn">3-</span><span class="">input gerbang OR</span><br /><span class="hps">4072</span>: Dual <span class="hps atn">4-</span><span class="">input gerbang OR</span><br /><span class="hps">TTL</span> <span class="hps">variasi</span> <span class="hps">meliputi</span>:<br /><span class="hps">74LS32</span>: <span class="hps">Quad</span> <span class="hps atn">2-</span><span class="">input gerbang OR</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>versi <span class="hps">Schottky</span> <span class="hps">daya</span> <span class="hps">rendah</span>)<br /><span class="hps">74HC32</span>: <span class="hps">Quad</span> <span class="hps atn">2-</span><span class="">input gerbang OR</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>High Speed <span class="hps">CMOS</span> <span class="hps">versi</span>) <span class="hps">-</span> <span class="hps">memiliki konsumsi</span><span class="hps">arus yang lebih rendah</span> <span class="hps">/</span> <span class="hps">jangkauan</span> <span class="hps">yang lebih luas</span> <span class="hps">Tegangan</span><br /><span class="hps">74LVC32</span>: <span class="hps">tegangan</span> <span class="hps">rendah</span> <span class="hps">versi CMOS</span> <span class="hps">yang sama</span>. </span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/CMOS_4071_diagram.svg/240px-CMOS_4071_diagram.svg.png" /><img alt="NMOS OR gate.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/NMOS_OR_gate.png" style="background-color: transparent;" /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/CMOS_OR.svg/220px-CMOS_OR.svg.png" style="background-color: transparent;" /> </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/OR_Using_NAND.svg/346px-OR_Using_NAND.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #628cca; float: right; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="145" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/OR_Using_NAND.svg/346px-OR_Using_NAND.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="320" /></a><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps">Jika tidak ada</span> <span class="hps">yang spesifik</span> <span class="hps">gerbang OR</span> <span class="hps">yang tersedia</span>, <span class="hps">satu</span> <span class="hps">dapat dibuat dari</span><span class="hps">gerbang NAND</span> <span class="hps">dalam konfigurasi</span> <span class="hps">ditunjukkan di bawah ini</span>. <span class="hps">Setiap</span> <span class="hps">gerbang logika</span><span class="hps">dapat dibuat</span> <span class="hps">dari kombinasi</span> <span class="hps">gerbang NAND </span></span></span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps"></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br />
<div id="gt-res-wrap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<div class="almost_half_cell" id="gt-res-content">
<div dir="ltr" style="zoom: 1;">
<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="id" style="display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: red;"><span class="hps">Dengan</span> <span class="hps">aktif rendah</span> <span class="hps atn">open-</span>kolektor <span class="hps">output</span> <span class="hps">logika,</span> <span class="hps">seperti yang digunakan</span> <span class="hps">untuk sinyal-sinyal</span> <span class="hps">kontrol dalam</span> <span class="hps">banyak sirkuit</span>, sebuah <span class="hps">fungsi OR</span> <span class="hps">dapat diproduksi</span> <span class="hps">oleh kabel</span> <span class="hps">bersama-sama</span> <span class="hps">beberapa</span> <span class="hps">output</span>. <span class="hps">Susunan ini</span> <span class="hps">disebut</span> <span class="hps">kabel</span> <span class="hps">OR</span>. <span class="hps">Ini</span><span class="hps">implementasi dari</span> <span class="hps">fungsi OR</span> <span class="hps">biasanya</span> <span class="hps">juga ditemukan</span> <span class="hps">dalam sirkuit terpadu</span> <span class="hps">N</span> <span class="hps">atau P</span>-jenis <span class="hps">transistor</span> <span class="hps">proses</span> <span class="hps">saja.</span></span></span><span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="id" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span class="hps"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Wired_or.png/220px-Wired_or.png" /></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-83712829498558159042012-02-02T06:37:00.000-08:002012-02-02T06:37:20.401-08:00EX-NOR Gate<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><u style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">EX-NOR Gate</span></u><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /><u style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><br /></u><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;" /></span></span><br />
<div align="justify" class="text_isi" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Gerbang <em>EXCLUSIVE</em>-NOR yang disingkat X-NOR, secara logika adalah ekuivalen dengan sebuah gerbang X-OR diikuti oleh gerbang NOT.</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img height="100" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/7a1.gif" width="300" /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="ket_gambar" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Struktur logika gerbang X-NOR</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="judultopik" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="color: white;">Simbol</span></strong></span></div>
<div align="justify" class="text_isi" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Simbol gerbang EX-NOR diperlihatkan pada gambar di bawah. Simbol NOT telah dihapus dan tanda lingkaran dipindahkan pada keluaran gerbang EX-OR.</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img height="100" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/7a2.gif" width="300" /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="ket_gambar" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Simbol gerbang X-NOR</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="judultopik" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="color: white;">Rangkaian Logika</span></strong></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><img height="210" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/7a3.gif" width="375" /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="ket_gambar" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Rangkaian logika yang ekuivalen dengan gerbang X_NOR</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="judultopik" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="color: white;">Persamaan</span></strong></span></div>
<div class="text_isi" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Persaman gerbang X-NOR : <img height="28" hspace="10" src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/images/7b1.gif" width="150" /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="judultopik" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="color: white;">Tabel Kebenaran</span></strong></span></div>
<div align="justify" class="text_isi" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Keluaran akan tinggi bila semua masukannya sama. Karena itu gerbang X-NOR 2 masukan merupakan gerbang ideal untuk pembanding bit, dimana keluaran akan berlogika 1 jika kedua masukannya identik (sama).</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px;">
<span style="background-color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" height="210" width="450"><font color="#ffffff"><embed src="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/gerbanglogikadasar/anim/7b2.swf" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="450" height="210"></font></object></span></div>
<div align="center" class="ket_gambar" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 16px; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Tabel kebenaran gerbang X-NOR</span></span></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-22703035578728889942012-02-02T06:30:00.000-08:002013-12-19T08:44:55.138-08:00AND Gate<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">untuk masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang AND</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">2-</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">terlihat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">seperti ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">:</span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div>
<img alt="2-input AND gate" height="58" src="http://www.doctronics.co.uk/Subsystems/Subsystem%20images/AND_01.gif" width="200" />
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<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Tegangan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">input dapat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">RENDAH</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">0</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, atau</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, logika</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mematuhi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tabel kebenaran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">berikut</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">:</span>
<br />
<br />
<table border="4" bordercolor="#008080" cellpadding="10"><tbody>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>input B</em></td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>input A</em></td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>output</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">menjadi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hanya bila</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">input A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">DAN</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">B</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span></div>
<br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" />
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ini</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">adalah simbol</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">untuk masukan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">gerbang AND</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">3-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">:</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span>
<img alt="3-input AND gate" height="68" src="http://www.doctronics.co.uk/Subsystems/Subsystem%20images/AND_02.gif" width="219" />
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<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Seperti yang dapat Anda</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">lihat dari</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tabel kebenaran</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">output</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">menjadi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hanya bila semua</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">tiga input</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">yang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">TINGGI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">:</span>
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<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"></span><br />
<table border="4" bordercolor="#008080" cellpadding="10" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><tbody>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>input C</em></td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>input B</em></td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>input A</em></td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><em>output</em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">0</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">Sebuah</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="font-size: 16px;">3-</span><span class="" style="font-size: 16px;">masukan</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">gerbang AND</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">dapat dibuat</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">dengan bergabung</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">Cascading</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">2-input</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">gerbang</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">:</span>
</span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"><img alt="cascading AND gates" height="68" src="http://www.doctronics.co.uk/Subsystems/Subsystem%20images/AND_03.gif" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" width="287" />
</span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"><br /></span>
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">Cascading</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">bekerja</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">AND dan</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">gerbang OR</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">tapi tidak dengan</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">NAND</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: 16px;">dan NOR</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">.</span>
</span>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-32342580126497032642012-01-19T06:18:00.000-08:002013-12-19T08:43:06.194-08:00Latihan 1<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Soal</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol>
<li> Hitung nilai resistor yang mempunyai kode warna cokelat,kuning,hitam,merah,dan cokelat?</li>
<li>Resistor 5.600 <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background: white; color: #0b0080; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9" title="Ω">Ω</a> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">dengan toleransi 10% mempunyai kode warna?</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">Apa sih fungsi trafo set up?</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">Sebtukan Fungsi induktor?</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">Sebutkan 4 Fungsi Kapasitor dalam rangkaian listrik?</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">Jawab : </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">1. Gelang pertama warna coklat = 1</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"> Gelang kedua warna kuning = 4</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"> Gelang ketiga warna hitam = 0</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"> Gelang keempat warna merah = x 10² = 100</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"> Gelang kelima warna coklat = 1%</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">Jadi, nilainya adalah 140 x 100 = 14000 </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;" title="Ω">Ω</a> (Ohm) dengan toleransi 1%</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
2. Gelang pertama warna hijau = 5</div>
<div>
Gelang kedua warna biru = 6</div>
<div>
Gelang ketiga warna hitam = 0</div>
<div>
Gelang keempat warna coklat = x 10 x 10 = 10</div>
<div>
Gelang kelima warna perak = 10 %</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
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<div>
3. Trafo set up adalah berfungsi untuk menaikan tegangan input transformator</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
4. Fungsi induktor adalah untuk melawan fluktuasi arus yang melewatinya aplikasinya pada rangkaian DC salah satunya adalah untuk menghasilkan tegangan DC yang konstan terhadap fluktuasi beban arus.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
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<div>
5. Kegunaan kapasitor dalam berbagai rangkaian lisrik adalah :</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Mencegah loncatan bunga api listrik pada rangkaian yang mengandung kumparan bila tiba-tiba arus listrik diputuskan dan dinyalakan</li>
<li>Menyimpan muatan atau energi listrik dalam rangkaian penyala elektronik</li>
<li>Memilih panjang gelombang pada radio penerima.</li>
<li>Sebagai filter dalam satu daya ( Power Supply )</li>
</ul>
</div>
Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-23373888339686845772012-01-16T22:30:00.000-08:002013-12-19T08:24:36.154-08:00SemiKonduktor<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>SemiKonduktor </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Hambatan
jenis</b> (kebalikan dari konduktivitas listrik) suatu bahan dapat
dikelompokkan menjadi:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<ol><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<li><b>Konduktor</b> ( < 10-6 Wm)<br />
</li>
<li><b>Semikonduktor</b> (10-6 Wm -
104 Wm)</li>
<li><b>Isolator</b> ( > 104 Wm)</li>
</span></ol>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Pada bahan semikonduktor, hole (kekosongan) den elektron berfungsi
sebagai pembawa muatan listrik (pengantar arus).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Semikonduktor
intrinsik</b> adalah semikonduktor yang belum disisipkan atom-atom
lain (atom pengotor).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Semikonduktor
ekstrinsik</b> adalah semikonduktor yang sudah dimasukkan sedikit
ketidakmurnian (doping). <i>Akibat doping ini maka hambatan jenis
semikonduktor mengalami penurunan.</i> Semikonduktor jenis ini
terdiri dari dua macam, yaitu semikonduktor tipe-P (pembawa muatan
hole) dan tipe-N (pembawa muatan elektron).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>
Komponen semikonduktor:</b>
</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<ol><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span>
<li> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Dioda</b>, dapat berfungsi sebagai penyearah arus, stabilisasi
tegangan dan detektor.<br />
<br />
</span></li>
</ol>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Transistor</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">,
dapat berfungsi sebagai penguat arus/tegangan dan saklar.Transistor
terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu <b>PNP</b> dan <b>NPN</b>.<br /></span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semikonduktor tipe-P</span><br /></i>
<table border="0" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img alt="kristal" height="175" src="http://102fm-itb.org/uploads/kristal.png" width="200" /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
</td><td><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
En = tingkat energi akseptor<br />
Eg = celah energi<br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Semikonduktor
tipe-N</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="font-size: small; text-align: center;">
<img alt="Struktur dua dimensi kristal Silikon" height="190" src="http://cnt121.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/semikonduktor.jpg" width="200" /></div>
<br /><table border="0" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div align="center">
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>
</i> </span>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
En = tingkat energi donor<br />
Eg = celah energi</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong> Semikonduktor</strong> adalah suatu material yang memiliki sifat konduktivitas<strong> listrik</strong> diantara konduktor dan isolator. <strong>Semikonduktor</strong> murni atau biasa disebut <strong>semikonduktor</strong> intrinsic adalah material <strong>semikonduktor</strong> dimana tiap-tiap atomnya berikatan kovalen satu sama lain membentuk suatu struktur kristal yang biasa disebut lattice, <strong>semikonduktor</strong>
intrinsic memiliki sifat yang mendekati sebuah material isolator,
dimana, pita valensi dan pita konduksinya terpisahkan oleh gap energi
yang kecil.<br /><br /> Untuk merubah jumlah pembawa muatan, semikonduktor intrinsic harus
diberi pengotor atau impurities. Pengotor akan menciptakan sebuah
tingkatan energi diantara pita valensi dan pita konduksi. <strong>Semikonduktor</strong> tipe-n adalah<strong> semikonduktor</strong>
dengan kelebihan muatan negative, pada silicon, penambahan atom dengan
lima electron valensi (seperti phosphor) akan meciptakan tingkat energy
baru dengan posisi sedikit di bawah pita konduksi yang dinamakan
tingkatan donor.<br /></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Tambahan electron dari phosphor akan menempati tingkat energy baru
ini dan dengan hanya sedikit saja jumlah energy akan menaikkan electron
ini ke pita konduksi sehingga akan menambah jumlah pembawa muatan
negative. <strong>Semikonduktor</strong> tipe-p adalah semikonduktor
dengan dengan kelebihan pembawa muatan positif, pada silicon, penambahan
atom dengan tiga electron valensi akan menciptakan tingkat enegi baru
dengan posisi sedikit di atas pita valensi yang dinamakan tingkatan
akseptor. Electron pada pita valensi akan berpindah ke tingkat energy
ini sehingga menciptakan lubang atau hole pada pita valensi dan akan
menambah jumlah pembawa muatan positif.<br /><br /> Jika <strong>semikonduktor</strong> tipe-p dan tipe-n digabungkan
maka pada sembungan akan terjadi proses difusi akibat ketidak seimbangan
muatan diantara kedua material <strong>semikonduktor</strong>, semua
hole pada sambungan akan terisi oleh electron sehingga tidak ada lagi
electron bebas. Difusi ini menyebabkan terbentuknya lapisan pengosongan
atau deplesi, pada lapisan ini semikonduktor kembali pada sifat
isolatornya. Jika ujung tipe-n disambungkan dengan kutub negative suatu
tegangan dan tipe-p disambungkan dengan kutub positif tegangan, maka
electron pada lapisan deplesi akan terdorong keluar dari hole dan
kembali menjadi elekron bebas sedangkan hole yang ditinggalkannya akan
terisi kembali oleh electron (terjadi rekombinasi) dari tipe-n begitu
seterusnya.</span><div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Doping_Semikonduktor" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Doping Semikonduktor</span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Salah satu alasan utama kegunaan semikonduktor dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a>
adalah sifat elektroniknya dapat diubah banyak dalam sebuah cara
terkontrol dengan menambah sejumlah kecil ketidakmurnian. Ketidakmurnian
ini disebut <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dopan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dopan (halaman belum tersedia)">dopan</a>.<br /><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping" title="Doping">Doping</a> sejumlah besar ke semikonduktor dapat meningkatkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas" title="Konduktivitas">konduktivitasnya</a> dengan faktor lebih besar dari satu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milyar" title="Milyar">milyar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan.">[<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">rujukan?</a></i>]</span></sup> Dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu" title="Sirkuit terpadu">sirkuit terpadu</a> modern, misalnya, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycrystalline_silicon&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Polycrystalline silicon (halaman belum tersedia)">polycrystalline silicon</a> didop-berat seringkali digunakan sebagai pengganti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a>.<br /><br /></span><h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Persiapan_bahan_semikonduktor" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Persiapan bahan semikonduktor</span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Semikonduktor dengan properti elektronik yang dapat diprediksi dan handal diperlukan untuk <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi massa (halaman belum tersedia)">produksi massa</a>.
Tingkat kemurnian kimia yang diperlukan sangat tinggi karena adanya
ketidaksempurnaan, bahkan dalam proporsi sangat kecil dapat memiliki
efek besar pada properti dari material. Kristal dengan tingkat
kesempurnaan yang tinggi juga diperlukan, karena kesalahan dalam
struktur kristal (seperti <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dislokasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dislokasi (halaman belum tersedia)">dislokasi</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kembaran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kembaran (halaman belum tersedia)">kembaran</a>, dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retak_tumpukan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Retak tumpukan (halaman belum tersedia)">retak tumpukan</a>)
mengganggu properti semikonduktivitas dari material. Retakan kristal
merupakan penyebab utama rusaknya perangkat semikonduktor. Semakin besar
kristal, semakin sulit mencapai kesempurnaan yang diperlukan. Proses
produksi massa saat ini menggunakan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ingot (halaman belum tersedia)">ingot</a>
(bahan dasar) kristal dengan diameter antara empat hingga dua belas
inci (300 mm) yang ditumbuhkan sebagai silinder kemudian diiris menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a>.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> Karena diperlukannya tingkat kemurnian kimia dan kesempurnaan
struktur kristal untuk membuat perangkat semikonduktor, metode khusus
telah dikembangkan untuk memproduksi bahan semikonduktor awal. Sebuah
teknik untuk mencapai kemurnian tinggi termasuk pertumbuhan kristal
menggunakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_Czochralski" title="Proses Czochralski">proses Czochralski</a>. Langkah tambahan yang dapat digunakan untuk lebih meningkatkan kemurnian dikenal sebagai <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perbaikan_zona&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perbaikan zona (halaman belum tersedia)">perbaikan zona</a>. Dalam <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perbaikan_zona&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perbaikan zona (halaman belum tersedia)">perbaikan zona</a>,
sebagian dari kristal padat dicairkan. Impuritas cenderung
berkonsentrasi di daerah yang dicairkan, sedangkan material yang
diinginkan mengkristal kembali sehingga menghasilkan bahan lebih murni
dan kristal dengan lebih sedikit kesalahan.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> Dalam pembuatan perangkat semikonduktor yang melibatkan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heterojunction&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Heterojunction (halaman belum tersedia)">heterojunction</a> antara bahan-bahan semikonduktor yang berbeda, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konstanta_kisi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konstanta kisi (halaman belum tersedia)">konstanta kisi</a>, yaitu panjang dari struktur kristal yang berulang, penting untuk menentukan kompatibilitas antar bahan.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" /><div class="thumb tright" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:FD_e_mu.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="400" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FD_e_mu.jpg/220px-FD_e_mu.jpg" width="400" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:FD_e_mu.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Doping_Semikonduktor"> </span></h2>
<ol>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">
</span>
</div>
Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-55925032076933756612012-01-16T22:15:00.000-08:002013-12-19T08:19:19.612-08:00Induktor<div style="text-align: center;">
<b> Induktor</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebuah <b>induktor</b> atau <b>reaktor</b> adalah sebuah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komponen_elektronika&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Komponen elektronika (halaman belum tersedia)">komponen elektronika</a> pasif (kebanyakan berbentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a>) yang dapat menyimpan energi pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet">medan magnet</a> yang ditimbulkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a> yang melintasinya. Kemampuan induktor untuk menyimpan energi magnet ditentukan oleh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induktansinya&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Induktansinya (halaman belum tersedia)">induktansinya</a>, dalam satuan Henry. Biasanya sebuah induktor adalah sebuah kawat penghantar yang dibentuk menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumparan" title="Kumparan">kumparan</a>,
lilitan membantu membuat medan magnet yang kuat di dalam kumparan
dikarenakan hukum induksi Faraday. Induktor adalah salah satu komponen
elektronik dasar yang digunakan dalam rangkaian yang arus dan
tegangannya berubah-ubah dikarenakan kemampuan induktor untuk memproses <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arus_bolak-balik" title="Arus bolak-balik">arus bolak-balik</a>.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebuah induktor ideal memiliki induktansi, tetapi tanpa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistansi" title="Resistansi">resistansi</a> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitansi" title="Kapasitansi">kapasitansi</a>,
dan tidak memboroskan daya. Sebuah induktor pada kenyataanya merupakan
gabungan dari induktansi, beberapa resistansi karena resistivitas kawat,
dan beberapa kapasitansi. Pada suatu frekuensi, induktor dapat menjadi
sirkuit resonansi karena kapasitas parasitnya. Selain memboroskan daya
pada resistansi kawat, induktor berinti magnet juga memboroskan daya di
dalam inti karena efek histeresis, dan pada arus tinggi mungkin
mengalami nonlinearitas karena penjenuhan.</div>
<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="5" class="infobox" style="font-size: 88%; width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th class="" colspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 136); font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><b>Induktor</b></th>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Electronic_component_inductors.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Electronic component inductors.jpg" height="177" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Electronic_component_inductors.jpg/225px-Electronic_component_inductors.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
Beberapa jenis induktor harga rendah.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 170, 136); text-align: left;">Simbol</th>
<td class="" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(238, 238, 238);"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Inductor.svg"><img alt="Inductor.svg" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Inductor.svg/45px-Inductor.svg.png" width="45" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 170, 136); text-align: left;">Tipe</th>
<td class="" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(238, 238, 238);"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komponen_pasif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Komponen pasif (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasif</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 170, 136); text-align: left;">Pembuatan pertama</th>
<td class="" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(238, 238, 238);"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>(1831)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding: 0pt;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Infobox_komponen_elektronika" title="Templat:Infobox komponen elektronika"><span title="Lihat templat ini">l</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_komponen_elektronika&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox komponen elektronika (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Bicarakan templat ini">b</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_komponen_elektronika&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">s</span></a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induktansi" title="Induktansi">Induktansi</a> (<i>L</i>) (diukur dalam <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry" title="Henry">Henry</a>)
adalah efek dari medan magnet yang terbentuk disekitar konduktor
pembawa arus yang bersifat menahan perubahan arus. Arus listrik yang
melewati konduktor membuat medan magnet sebanding dengan besar arus.
Perubahan dalam arus menyebabkan perubahan medan magnet yang
mengakibatkan gaya elektromotif lawan melalui GGL induksi yang bersifat
menentang perubahan arus. Induktansi diukur berdasarkan jumlah gaya
elektromotif yang ditimbulkan untuk setiap perubahan arus terhadap
waktu. Sebagai contoh, sebuah induktor dengan induktansi 1 Henry
menimbulkan gaya elektromotif sebesar 1 volt saat arus dalam indukutor
berubah dengan kecepatan 1 ampere setiap sekon. Jumlah lilitan, ukuran
lilitan, dan material inti menentukan induktansi.</div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebuah induktor ideal tidak menimbulkan kerugian terhadap arus yang
melewati lilitan. Tetapi, induktor pada umumnya memiliki resistansi
lilitan dari kawat yang digunakan untuk lilitan. Karena resistansi
lilitan terlihat berderet dengan induktor, ini sering disebut resistansi
deret. Resistansi deret induktor mengubah arus listrik menjad bahang,
yang menyebabkan pengurangan kualitas induktif. Faktor kualitas atau "Q"
dari sebuah induktor adalah perbandingan reaktansi induktif dan
resistansi deret pada frekuensi tertentu, dan ini merupakan efisiensi
induktor. Semakin tinggi faktor Q dari induktor, induktor tersebut
semakin mendekati induktor ideal tanpa kerugian.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Faktor Q dari sebuah induktor dapat diketahui dari rumus berikut, dimana <i>R</i> merupakan resistansi internal dan <span class="texhtml" dir="ltr">ω<i>L</i></span> adalah resistansi kapasitif atau induktif pada resonansi:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<img alt="Q = \frac{\omega{}L}{R}" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/e/0/d/e0d0bdc2bdc372b5cc1ba45fb3389326.png" /><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dengan menggunakan inti feromagnetik, induktansi dapat ditingkatkan
untuk jumlah tembaga yang sama, sehingga meningkatkan faktor Q. Inti
juga memberikan kerugian pada frekuensi tinggi. Bahan inti khusus
dipilih untuk hasil terbaik untuk jalur frekuensi tersebut. Pada VHF
atau frekuensi yang lebih tinggi, inti udara sebaiknya digunakan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Lilitan induktor pada inti feromagnetik mungkin jenuh pada arus
tinggi, menyebabkan pengurangan induktansi dan faktor Q yang sangat
signifikan. Hal ini dapat dihindari dengan menggunakan induktor inti
udara. Sebuah induktor inti udara yang didesain dengan baik dapat
memiliki faktor Q hingga beberapa ratus.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebuah kondensator nyaris ideal (faktor Q mendekati tak terhingga)
dapat dibuat dengan membuat lilitan dari kawat superkonduktor pada
helium atau nitrogen cair. Ini membuat resistansi kawat menjadi nol.
Karena induktor superkonduktor hampir tanpa kerugian, ini dapat
menyimpan sejumlah besar energi listrik dalam lilitannya.</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Penggunaan</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Induktor sering digunakan pada sirkuit analog dan pemroses sinyal.
Induktor berpasangan dengan kondensator dan komponen lain membentuk
sirkuit tertala. Penggunaan induktor bervariasi dari penggunaan induktor
besar pada pencatu daya untuk menghilangkan dengung pencatu daya,
hingga induktor kecil yang terpasang pada kabel untuk mencegah
interferensi frekuensi radio untuk dprd melalui kabel. Kombinasi
induktor-kondensator menjadi rangkaian tala dalam pemancar dan penerima
radio. Dua induktor atau lebih yang terkopel secara magnetik membentuk
transformator.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Induktor digunakan sebagai penyimpan energi pada beberapa pencatu
daya moda sakelar. Induktor dienergikan selama waktu tertentu, dan
dikuras pada sisa siklus. Perbandingan transfer energi ini menentukan
tegangan keluaran. Reaktansi induktif <i>X</i><sub>L</sub> ini digunakan
bersama semikonduktor aktif untuk menjaga tegangan dengan akurat.
Induktor juga digunakan dalam sistem transmisi listrik, yang digunakan
untuk mengikangkan paku-paku tegangan yang berasal dari petir, dan juga
membatasi arus pensakelaran dan arus kesalahan. Dalam bidang ini,
indukutor sering disebut dengan reaktor.</div>
Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-48776904314646811792012-01-16T21:47:00.001-08:002012-01-16T21:47:53.842-08:00Transformator<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://dunia-listrik.blogspot.com/2009/01/transformator.html">Transformator</a></h3>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Transformator</span>/ <span style="font-weight: bold;">Transformer</span> / <span style="font-weight: bold;">Trafo</span> adalah suatu peralatan listrik yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi <a href="http://dunia-listrik.blogspot.com/2008/11/klasifikasi-mesin-listrik.html">mesin listrik statis</a>
dan berfungsi untuk menyalurkan tenaga/daya listrik dari tegangan
tinggi ke tegangan rendah atau sebaliknya, dengan frekuensi sama. Dalam
pengoperasiannya, transformator-transformator tenaga pada umumnya
ditanahkan pada titik netral, sesuai dengan kebutuhan untuk sistem
pengamanan atau proteksi. Sebagai contoh transformator 150/70 kV
ditanahkan secara langsung di sisi netral 150 kV, dan transformator
70/20 kV ditanahkan dengan tahanan di sisi netral 20 kV nya.
Transformator yang telah diproduksi terlebih dahulu melalui pengujian
sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan.<br /><br />Dasar dari teori transformator adalah sebagai berikut :<br />“Apabila
ada arus listrik bolak-balik yang mengalir mengelilingi suatu inti besi
maka inti besi itu akan berubah menjadi magnit dan apabila magnit
tersebut dikelilingi oleh suatu belitan maka pada kedua ujung belitan
tersebut akan terjadi beda tegangan mengelilingi magnit, sehingga akan
timbul gaya gerak listrik (GGL)”.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Klasifikasi Transformator Tenaga</span><br />Transformator tenaga dapat di klasifikasikan menurut sistem pemasangan dan cara pendinginannya.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Menurut Pemasangan</span><br />• Pemasangan dalam<br />• Pemasangan luar<br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Menurut Pendinginan</span>, menurut cara pendinginannya dapat dibedakan sebagai berikut:<br />a) Berdasarkan Fungsi dan pemakaian:<br />• Transformator mesin (untuk mesin-mesin listrik)<br />• Transformator Gardu Induk<br />• Transformator Distribusi<br /><br />b) Berdasarkan Kapasitas dan Tegangan Kerja:<br />Contoh transformator 3 phasa dengan tegangan kerja di atas 1100 kV dan daya di atas 1000 MVA ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirelji3t4pKVebxqqOYOQdYZX3lNLu_Y4HsFV9ek2fZvNgWILLmrLj6Z0K3LUm9A4NmciebMjnsCq0_dnFexyyi8e7SE9pm3qlvyWrKVWqldrGV99JexPN5AsVTNOmjBtmgz359VnpFNg/s1600-h/Tr+3phasa.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286318484442045858" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirelji3t4pKVebxqqOYOQdYZX3lNLu_Y4HsFV9ek2fZvNgWILLmrLj6Z0K3LUm9A4NmciebMjnsCq0_dnFexyyi8e7SE9pm3qlvyWrKVWqldrGV99JexPN5AsVTNOmjBtmgz359VnpFNg/s320/Tr+3phasa.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 250px; width: 320px;" /></a><br />Gambar 1. Contoh Transformator 3 Phasa dengan Tegangan Kerja >1100 kV dan Daya >1000 MVA.<br /><br />Dalam
usaha mempermudah pengawasan dalam operasi, transformator dapat dibagi
menjadi: transformator besar, transformator sedang, dan transformator
kecil.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cara Kerja dan Fungsi Bagian-Bagian Transformator</span><br /><br />Suatu transformator terdiri atas beberapa bagian, yaitu:<br />• Bagian utama transformator<br />• Peralatan Bantu<br />• Peralatan Proteksi<br />Setiap
bagian tersebut memiliki fungsi masing-masing, dan untuk detailnya anda
juga dapat membaca artikel mengenai komponen-komponen transformator di <a href="http://dunia-listrik.blogspot.com/2009/01/komponen-komponen-transformator.html">sini</a><br /><br />1. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bagian utama transformator</span>, terdiri dari:<br /><br />a) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Inti besi</span><br />Inti
besi berfungsi untuk mempermudah jalan fluks, yang ditimbulkan oleh
arus listrik yang melalui kumparan. Dibuat dari lempengan-lempengan besi
tipis yang berisolasi, untuk mengurangi panas (sebagai rugi-rugi besi)
yang ditimbulkan oleh <span style="font-weight: bold;">arus pusar</span> atau <span style="font-weight: bold;">arus eddy</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">eddy current</span>).<br /><br />b) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Kumparan transformator</span><br />Beberapa
lilitan kawat berisolasi membentuk suatu kumparan, dan kumparan
tersebut diisolasi, baik terhadap inti besi maupun terhadap kumparan
lain dengan menggunakan isolasi padat seperti karton, pertinax dan
lain-lain.<br />Pada transformator terdapat kumparan primer dan kumparan
sekunder. Jika kumparan primer dihubungkan dengan tegangan/arus
bolak-balik maka pada kumparan tersebut timbul fluks yang menimbulkan
induksi tegangan, bila pada rangkaian sekunder ditutup (rangkaian beban)
maka mengalir arus pada kumparan tersebut, sehingga kumparan ini
berfungsi sebagai alat transformasi tegangan dan arus.<br /><br />c) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Kumparan tertier</span><br />Fungsi
kumparan tertier diperlukan adalah untuk memperoleh tegangan tertier
atau untuk kebutuhan lain. Untuk kedua keperluan tersebut, kumparan
tertier selalu dihubungkan delta atau segitiga. Kumparan tertier sering
digunakan juga untuk penyambungan peralatan bantu seperti kondensator
synchrone, kapasitor shunt dan reactor shunt, namun demikian tidak semua
transformator daya mempunyai kumparan tertier.<br /><br />d) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Minyak transformator</span><br />Sebagian
besar dari transformator tenaga memiliki kumparan-kumparan yang intinya
direndam dalam minyak transformator, terutama pada
transformator-transformator tenaga yang berkapasitas besar, karena
minyak transformator mempunyai sifat<br />sebagai media pemindah panas
(disirkulasi) dan juga berfungsi pula sebagai isolasi (memiliki daya
tegangan tembus tinggi) sehingga berfungsi sebagai media pendingin dan
isolasi. <br /><br />Minyak transformator harus memenuhi persyaratan, yaitu:<br />• kekuatan isolasi tinggi<br />• penyalur panas yang baik, berat jenis yang kecil, sehingga partikel-partikel dalam minyak dapat mengendap dengan cepat<br />• viskositas yang rendah, agar lebih mudah bersirkulasi dan memiliki kemampuan pendinginan menjadi lebih baik<br />• titik nyala yang tinggi dan tidak mudah menguap yang dapat menimbulkan baha<br />• tidak merusak bahan isolasi padat<br />• sifat kimia yang stabil<br /><br />Minyak transformator baru harus memiliki spesifikasi seperti tampak pada Tabel 1 di bawah ini.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkVWgHCVcdX8-BA3B1jQO9zzB3KensyFjJ1tOM2LCcTiP4qW5EVLjHHD4cMEkMrty7dBKPtYkzE35FdkaeDMxcMQrukjkdmD2vUM5Lua0h06-lPI91a0tEzIR8g8CZ4ymM33UsLpGUPHw/s1600-h/Tabel+minyak+isolasi+1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286318490870497410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkVWgHCVcdX8-BA3B1jQO9zzB3KensyFjJ1tOM2LCcTiP4qW5EVLjHHD4cMEkMrty7dBKPtYkzE35FdkaeDMxcMQrukjkdmD2vUM5Lua0h06-lPI91a0tEzIR8g8CZ4ymM33UsLpGUPHw/s320/Tabel+minyak+isolasi+1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 241px; width: 320px;" /></a> <br />Tabel 1. Spesifikasi Minyak Isolasi Baru.<br /><br />Untuk
minyak isolasi pakai berlaku untuk transformator berkapasitas > 1
MVA atau bertegangan > 30 kV sifatnya seperti ditunjukkan pada Tabel
2.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh3jQu3Q3FLi2wwEBwUVe6JshIhVDTPyHfdXweMtTXFtVihh-6ihkPPgB-T1jMV5zuRFe0WFmKByeLKC9hkGoQdz4mQriV9zQLS5AeA8_ccJpY4tEU27UcBI-Qww7lundhEaWPshCUJjo/s1600-h/Tabel+2.+minya+isolasi+pakai.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286318488328041938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh3jQu3Q3FLi2wwEBwUVe6JshIhVDTPyHfdXweMtTXFtVihh-6ihkPPgB-T1jMV5zuRFe0WFmKByeLKC9hkGoQdz4mQriV9zQLS5AeA8_ccJpY4tEU27UcBI-Qww7lundhEaWPshCUJjo/s320/Tabel+2.+minya+isolasi+pakai.png" style="cursor: pointer; height: 278px; width: 320px;" /></a><br />Tabel 2. Spesifikasi Minyak Isolasi Pakai.<br /><br /> <br />e) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bushing</span><br />Hubungan
antara kumparan transformator ke jaringan luar melalui sebuah bushing,
yaitu sebuah konduktor yang diselubungi oleh isolator, yang sekaligus
berfungsi sebagai penyekat antara konduktor tersebut dengan tangki
transformator.<br /><br />f) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Tangki dan konservator</span><br />Pada
umumnya bagian-bagian dari transformator yang terendam minyak
transformator berada atau (ditempatkan) di dalam tangki. Untuk menampung
pemuaian pada minyak transformator, pada tangki dilengkapi dengan
sebuah konservator. <br /><br />Terdapat beberapa jenis tangki, diantaranya adalah:<br /><br />• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Jenis sirip</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">tank corrugated</span>)
Badan tangki terbuat dari pelat baja bercanai dingin yang menjalani
penekukan, pemotongan dan proses pengelasan otomatis, untuk membentuk
badan tangki bersirip dengan siripnya berfungsi sebagai radiator
pendingin dan alat bernapas pada saat yang sama. Tutup dan dasar tangki
terbuat dari plat baja bercanai panas yang kemudian dilas sambung kepada
badan tangki bersirip membentuk tangki corrugated ini. Umumnya
transformator di bawah 4000 kVA dibuat dengan bentuk tangki corrugated.<br /><br />• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Jenis tangki Conventional Beradiator</span>,
Jenis tangki terdiri dar badan tangki dan tutup yang terbuat dari mild
steel plate (plat baja bercanai panas) ditekuk dan dilas untuk dibangun
sesuai dimensi yang diinginkan, sedang radiator jenis panel terbuat dari
pelat baja bercanai dingin (cold rolled steel sheets). Transformator
ini umumnya dilengkapi dengan konservator dan digunakan untuk 25.000,00
kVA, yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 2.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiytoMmA2rhuVVZE7xyCcQUHkbatYF3TNnop-pUowfflz-NRFBE6fVO45OYv2TYYWva2jfNXbSupNEULLewaPDmd7mPT_QAavZi4zTLabbGiAG2NjAktpqNjy5XaNHv7bEYZfVTX3-ZDyE/s1600-h/Tr.+tipe+Beradiator.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286318488131710482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiytoMmA2rhuVVZE7xyCcQUHkbatYF3TNnop-pUowfflz-NRFBE6fVO45OYv2TYYWva2jfNXbSupNEULLewaPDmd7mPT_QAavZi4zTLabbGiAG2NjAktpqNjy5XaNHv7bEYZfVTX3-ZDyE/s320/Tr.+tipe+Beradiator.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 320px; width: 250px;" /></a><br />Gambar 2. Transformator Tipe Conventional Beradiator (Sumber Trafindo, 2005)<br /><br />• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hermatically Sealed Tank With N2 Cushined</span>,
Tipe tangki ini sama dengan jenis conventional tetapi di atas permukaan
minyak terdapat gas nitrogen untuk mencegah kontak antara minyak dengan
udara luar<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Peralatan Bantu</span><br /><br />a) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Pendingin</span><br />Pada
inti besi dan kumparan-kumparan akan timbul panas akibat rugi-rugi besi
dan rugi-rugi tembaga. Bila panas tersebut mengakibatkan kenaikan suhu
yang berlebihan, akan merusak isolasi transformator, maka untuk
mengurangi adanya kenaikan suhu yang berlebihan tersebut pada
transformator perlu juga dilengkapi dengan sistem pendingin yang
bergungsi untuk menyalurkan panas keluar transformator. Media yang
digunakan pada sistem pendingin dapat berupa<br />udara, gas, minyak dan air. <br /><br />Sistem pengalirannya (sirkulasi) dapat dengan cara:<br />• Alamiah (natural)<br />• Tekanan/paksaan (forced).<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCebS1isHCNmWBvmV1E4jrtrNgT21ywxAFlXAJf6Kv113MIZhp3jXzkeMSJje6pK47D6Fw76QvlZf8Ln9Tt5yCicRRasrD4xXmUO8SH198TzA1bVGo5ql_uNRclVDMriJ4B9As-WWFb4/s1600-h/Sistem+pendingin+Tr.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288816211533019666" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCebS1isHCNmWBvmV1E4jrtrNgT21ywxAFlXAJf6Kv113MIZhp3jXzkeMSJje6pK47D6Fw76QvlZf8Ln9Tt5yCicRRasrD4xXmUO8SH198TzA1bVGo5ql_uNRclVDMriJ4B9As-WWFb4/s320/Sistem+pendingin+Tr.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 232px; width: 320px;" /></a><br />Tabel 3. Tipe Pendinginan Transformator<br />keterangan: A = air (udara), O = Oil (minyak), N = Natural (alamiah), F = Forced (Paksaan / tekanan)<br /><br />b) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Tap Changer</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">perubah tap</span>)<br />Tap
Changer adalah perubah perbandingan transformator untuk mendapatkan
tegangan operasi sekunder sesuai yang diinginkan dari tegangan
jaringan/primer yang berubah-ubah. Tap changer dapat dilakukan baik
dalam keadaan berbeban (on-load) atau dalam keadaan tak berbeban (off
load), dan tergantung jenisnya.<br /><br />c) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Alat pernapasan</span><br />Karena
adanya pengaruh naik turunnya beban transformator maupun suhu udara
luar, maka suhu minyak akan berubah-ubah mengikuti keadaan tersebut.
Bila suhu minyak tinggi, minyak akan memuai dan mendesak udara di atas
permukaan minyak keluar dari dalam tangki, sebaliknya bila suhu minyak
turun, minyak menyusut maka udara luar akan masuk ke dalam tangki. Kedua
proses di atas disebut pernapasan transformator. Permukaan minyak
transformator akan selalu bersinggungan dengan udara luar yang
menurunkan nilai tegangan tembus pada minyak transformator, maka untuk
mencegah hal tersebut, pada ujung pipa penghubung udara luar dilengkapi
tabung berisi kristal zat hygroscopis.<br /><br />d) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Indikator</span><br />Untuk
mengawasi selama transformator beroperasi, maka perlu adanya indicator
yang dipasang pada transformator. Indikator tersebut adalah sebagai
berikut:<br />• indikator suhu minyak<br />• indikator permukaan minyak<br />• indikator sistem pendingin<br />• indikator kedudukan tap, dan sebagainya.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Peralatan Proteksi</span><br /><br />a) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relay Bucholz</span><br />Relay Bucholz adalah relai yang berfungsi mendeteksi dan mengamankan terhadap gangguan transformator yang menimbulkan gas.<br /><br />Timbulnya gas dapat diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah:<br />• Hubung singkat antar lilitan pada atau dalam phasa<br />• Hubung singkat antar phasa<br />• Hubung singkat antar phasa ke tanah<br />• Busur api listrik antar laminasi<br />• Busur api listrik karena kontak yang kurang baik.<br /><br />b) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relai Tekanan Lebih</span><br />Relai
ini berfungsi hampir sama seperti Relay Bucholz. Fungsinya adalah
mengamankan terhadap gangguan di dalam transformator. Bedanya relai ini
hanya bekerja oleh kenaikan tekanan gas yang tiba-tiba dan langsung
mentripkan pemutus tenaga (PMT). Alat pengaman tekanan lebih ini berupa
membran yang terbuat dari kaca, plastik, tembaga atau katup berpegas,
sebagai pengaman tangki transformator terhadap kenaikan tekan gas yang
timbul di dalam tangki yang akan pecah pada tekanan tertentu dan
kekuatannya lebih rendah dari kekuatan tangki transformator<br /><br />c) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relai Diferensial</span><br />Berfungsi
mengamankan transformator terhadap gangguan di dalam transformator,
antara lain adalah kejadian flash over antara kumparan dengan kumparan
atau kumparan dengan tangki atau belitan dengan belitan di dalam
kumparan ataupun beda kumparan.<br /><br />d) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relai Arus lebih</span><br />Berfungsi
mengamankan transformator jika arus yang mengalir melebihi dari nilai
yang diperkenankan lewat pada transformator tersebut dan arus lebih ini
dapat terjadi oleh karena beban lebih atau gangguan hubung singkat. Arus
lebih ini dideteksi oleh transformator arus atau current transformator
(CT).<br /><br />e) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relai Tangki Tanah</span><br />Alat
ini berfungsi untuk mengamankan transformator bila ada hubung singkat
antara bagian yang bertegangan dengan bagian yang tidak bertegangan pada
transformator.<br /><br />f)<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Relai Hubung Tanah</span><br />Fungsi alat ini adalah untuk mengamankan transformator jika terjadi gangguan hubung singkat satu phasa ke tanah.<br /><br />g) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Relai Thermis</span><br />Alat
ini berfungsi untuk mencegah/mengamankan transformator dari kerusakan
isolasi pada kumparan, akibat adanya panas lebih yang ditimbulkan oleh
arus lebih. Besaran yang diukur di dalam relai ini adalah kenaikan suhu.</span>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-36795973950456901702012-01-16T21:07:00.001-08:002012-01-16T21:07:15.560-08:00KAPASITOR<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">KAPASITOR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pengertian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> Kondensator</span></b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> atau sering disebut sebagai <b>kapasitor</b>
adalah suatu alat yang dapat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penyimpanan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Penyimpanan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">menyimpan</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">energi</span></a> di dalam
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">medan listrik</span></a>,
dengan cara mengumpulkan ketidakseimbangan internal dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">muatan
listrik</span></a>. Kondensator memiliki satuan yang disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Farad (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Farad</span></a> dari nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Michael
Faraday</span></a>. Kondensator juga dikenal sebagai "kapasitor",
namun kata "kondensator" masih dipakai hingga saat ini. Pertama
disebut oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Alessandro Volta</span></a> seorang ilmuwan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Italia</span></a> pada
tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782" title="1782"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1782</span></a>
(dari bahasa Itali condensatore),
berkenaan dengan kemampuan alat untuk menyimpan suatu muatan listrik yang
tinggi dibanding komponen lainnya. Kebanyakan bahasa dan negara yang tidak
menggunakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa Inggris</span></a> masih mengacu pada perkataan
bahasa Italia "condensatore", <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa
Perancis</span></a> condensateur,
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Indonesia</span></a>
dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jerman</span></a>
Kondensator atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Spanyol</span></a>
Condensador.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kondensator diidentikkan
mempunyai dua kaki dan dua kutub yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Positif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Positif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">positif</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negatif&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negatif (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">negatif</span></a> serta memiliki
cairan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektrolit</span></a>
dan biasanya berbentuk tabung.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192241"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
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<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
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</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg"
href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192241"
style='width:27.75pt;height:27.75pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/6/6c/Polarized_kondensator_symbol_3.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg" border="0" height="37" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="37" /><!--[endif]--></a> Lambang
kondensator (mempunyai kutub) pada skema elektronika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan jenis yang satunya
lagi kebanyakan nilai kapasitasnya lebih rendah, tidak mempunyai kutub
positif atau negatif pada kakinya, kebanyakan berbentuk bulat pipih
berwarna coklat, merah, hijau dan lainnya seperti tablet atau kancing
baju.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192159"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Capacitor symbol.jpg"
href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Capacitor_symbol.jpg&filetimestamp=20060309192159"
style='width:27.75pt;height:27.75pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/8/8f/Capacitor_symbol.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Capacitor symbol.jpg" border="0" height="37" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="37" /><!--[endif]--></span></a> Lambang
kapasitor (tidak mempunyai kutub) pada skema elektronika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun
kebiasaan dan kondisi serta <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artikulasi" title="Artikulasi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">artikulasi</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahasa</span></a> setiap negara tergantung pada masyarakat yang lebih
sering menyebutkannya. Kini kebiasaan orang tersebut hanya menyebutkan salah
satu nama yang paling dominan digunakan atau lebih sering didengar. Pada masa
kini, kondensator sering disebut kapasitor (capacitor) ataupun sebaliknya yang pada ilmu elektronika
disingkat dengan huruf (<b>C</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kapasitansi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Satuan dari kapasitansi kondensator adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Farad (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Farad</span></a> (F). Namun Farad adalah satuan yang
terlalu besar, sehingga digunakan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pikofarad (pF) = <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" style='width:72.75pt;
height:14.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/9/1/f/91f4de987219c592909485fc12cb2ab8.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-12}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="97" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nanofarad (nF) = <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" style='width:67.5pt;
height:14.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/1/0/610ce2bf82b4b1002c4909272e2c589f.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-9}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="90" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Microfarad (<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="\mu\,F" style='width:22.5pt;
height:13.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/6/f/36f3c5db4c58a9a0ef87da456a253fb8.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="\mu\,F" border="0" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="30" /><!--[endif]-->) = <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" style='width:67.5pt;
height:14.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/2/2/12295fd6b63db4ebccafa9733cefb2fc.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="1\times10^{-6}\,F" border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="90" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kapasitansi
dari kondensator dapat ditentukan dengan rumus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="C=\epsilon_0\epsilon_r\frac{A}{d}"
style='width:66.75pt;height:30.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.gif"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/9/6/e965dcf34e79289054eccb1322c2d5db.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="C=\epsilon_0\epsilon_r\frac{A}{d}" border="0" height="41" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="89" /><!--[endif]--> C : Kapasitansiε<sub>0</sub> :
permitivitas hampa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ε<sub>r</sub> : permitivitas relative A : luas pelat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :jarak antar
pelat/tebal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielektrik" title="Dielektrik"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dielektrik</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun
cara memperbesar kapasitansi kapasitor atau kondensator dengan jalan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyusunnya berlapis-lapis.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memperluas permukaan variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memakai bahan dengan daya
tembus besar.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; width: 460px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielektrik" title="Dielektrik"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Dielektrik</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permitivitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permitivitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Permitivitas</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keramik
rugi rendah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keramik
k tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mika
perak<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kertas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Film
plastik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2,8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarbonat" title="Polikarbonat"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Polikarbonat</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2,4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polistiren" title="Polistiren"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Polistiren</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3,3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliester" title="Poliester"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Poliester</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2,3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polipropilen" title="Polipropilen"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Polipropilen</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Elektrolit</span></a>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">aluminium</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Elektrolit
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tantalum</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 25.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 170.3pt;" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk kapasitor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kapasitor kertas (besar
kapasitas 0,1 F)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kapasitor elektrolit (besar
kapasitas 105 pF)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kapasitor variabel (besar kapasitas bisa
di ubah-ubah dengan nilai kapasitas maksimum 500 pF)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jenis Kapasitor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> Beberapa jenis kapasitor menurut bahan
dielektiknya antara lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://adiwarsito.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/kapasitor.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt=""
href="http://adiwarsito.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/kapasitor.jpg" style='width:282.75pt;
height:315pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg"
o:href="http://adiwarsito.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/kapasitor.jpg?w=372&h=406"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img border="0" height="420" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="377" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kegunaan Kapasitor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kegunaan
kapasitor dalam berbagai rangkaian listrik adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mencegah loncatan bunga api
listrik pada rangkaian yang mengandung kumparan, bila
tiba-tiba arus listrik diputuskan dan dinyalakan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">menyimpan muatan atau energi
listrik dalam rangkaian penyala elektronik<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">memilih panjang gelombang pada
radio penerima<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sebagai filter dalam catu daya
(power supply)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebagai
penghubung (<i>coupling</i>) yang menghubungkan masing-masing bagian dalam
suatu rangkaian.</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memisahkan
arus bolak-balik dari arus searah.</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebagai
pembangkit frekuensi dalam rangkaian pemancar.</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menghemat
daya listrik dalam rangkaian lampu TL.</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Simbol Kapasitor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kapasitor
disimbolkan dengan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:56.25pt;height:56.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"
o:href="http://www.e-dukasi.net/file_storage/materi_pokok/MP_191/Image/kapasitor/Hal_3f.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="75" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses
Kerja Kapasitor <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kapasitor yang akan digunakan untuk
meperbesar pf dipasang paralel dengan rangkaian beban. Bila rangkaian itu
diberi tegangan maka elektron akan mengalir masuk ke kapasitor. Pada saat
kapasitor penuh dengan muatan elektron maka tegangan akan berubah. Kemudian
elektron akan ke luar dari kapasitor dan mengalir ke dalam rangkaian yang
memerlukannya dengan demikian pada saaat itu kapasitor membangkitkan daya
reaktif. Bila tegangan yang berubah itu kembali normal (tetap) maka kapasitor
akan menyimpan kembali elektron. Pada saat kapasitor mengeluarkan elektron (Ic)
berarti sama juga kapasitor menyuplai daya treaktif ke beban. Keran beban
bersifat induktif (+) sedangkan daya reaktif bersifat kapasitor (-) akibatnya
daya reaktif yang berlaku menjadi kecil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rugi-rugi daya sebelum dipasang
kapasitor : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rugi daya aktif = I<sup>2</sup> R
Watt .............(5) <br />
Rugi daya reaktif = I<sup>2</sup> x VAR.........(6) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rugi-rugi daya sesudah dipasang
kapasitor : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rugi daya aktif = (I<sup>2</sup> -
Ic<sup>2</sup>) R Watt ...(7) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rugi daya reaktif = (I<sup>2</sup> -
Ic<sup>2</sup>) x VAR (8) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tegangan Kerja ( working voltage )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tegangan kerja adalah tegangan maksimum yang diijinkan
sehingga kapasitor masih dapat bekerja dengan baik. Para elektro- mania
barangkali pernah mengalami kapasitor yang meledak karena kelebihan
tegangan. Misalnya kapasitor 10uF 25V, maka tegangan yang bisa diberikantidak
boleh melebihi 25 volt dc. Umumnya kapasitor-kapasitor polar bekerja pada
tegangan DCdan kapasitor non-polar bekerja pada tegangan AC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawatan
Kapasitor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kapasitor
yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki pf supaya tahan lama tentunya harus dirawat
secara teratur. Dalam perawatan itu perhatian harus dilakukan pada tempat yang
lembab yang tidak terlindungi dari debu dan kotoran. Sebelum melakukan
pemeriksaan pastikan bahwa kapasitor tidak terhubung lagi dengan sumber.
Kemudian karena kapasitor ini masih mengandung muatan berarti masih ada
arus/tegangan listrik maka kapasitor itu harus dihubung singkatkan supaya
muatannya hilang. Adapun jenis pemeriksaan yang harus dilakukan meliputi : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Pemeriksaan
kebocoran <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Pemeriksaan kabel
dan penyangga kapasitor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Pemeriksaan
isolator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502096539319529096.post-84096761188871603912012-01-16T21:02:00.001-08:002013-12-19T08:05:17.022-08:00Resistor<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resistor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">P</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ada dasarnya semua bahan memiliki sifat resistif namun beberapa bahan seperti tembaga, perak, emas dan bahan metal umumnya memiliki resistansi yang sangat kecil. Bahan-bahan tersebut menghantar arus listrik dengan baik, sehingga dinamakan konduktor. Kebalikan dari bahan yang konduktif, bahan material seperti karet, gelas, karbon memiliki resistansi yang lebih besar menahan aliran elektron dan disebut sebagai insulator. Bagaimana prinsip konduksi, dijelaskan pada artikel tentang semikonduktor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resistor adalah komponen dasar elektronika yang digunakan untuk membatasi jumlah arus yang mengalir dalam satu rangkaian. Sesuai dengan namanya resistor bersifat resistif dan umumnya terbuat dari bahan karbon . Dari hukum Ohms diketahui, resistansi berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah arus yang mengalir melaluinya. Satuan resistansi dari suatu resistor disebut Ohm atau dilambangkan dengan simbol </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">W</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Omega). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe resistor yang umum adalah berbentuk tabung dengan dua kaki tembaga di kiri dan kanan. Pada badannya terdapat lingkaran membentuk gelang kode warna untuk memudahkan pemakai mengenali besar resistansi tanpa mengukur besarnya dengan Ohmmeter. Kode warna tersebut adalah standar manufaktur yang dikeluarkan oleh EIA (Electronic Industries Association) seperti yang ditunjukkan pada tabel berikut. Waktu penulis masuk pendaftaran kuliah elektro, ada satu test yang harus dipenuhi yaitu diharuskan tidak buta warna. Belakangan baru diketahui bahwa mahasiswa elektro wajib untuk bisa membaca warna gelang resistor (barangkali).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
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stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="http://www.electroniclab.com/image/elkadasar/resistor.gif" style='width:86.25pt;
height:57pt;visibility:visible'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\HOMEBA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif"
o:title="resistor"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="http://www.electroniclab.com/image/elkadasar/resistor.gif" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/HOMEBA~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/OICE_D1125FC6-4863-4EC2-8AB6-4CE7694049CD.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="115" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 250px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Warna</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nilai</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">faktor pengali</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Toleransi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: black; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hitam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #663300; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coklat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #CC3300; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">100</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #FF9900; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jingga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuning</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #00CC00; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hijau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">100.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: blue; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biru</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<sup>6</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #9933FF; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Violet</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<sup>7</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: silver; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu-abu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 22.5pt;" width="30"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<sup>8</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.5pt;" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Putih</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<sup>9</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Emas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perak</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanpa warna</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">20%</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tabel - 1 : nilai warna gelang</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resistansi dibaca dari warna gelang yang paling depan ke arah gelang toleransi berwarna coklat, merah, emas atau perak. Biasanya warna gelang toleransi ini berada pada badan resistor yang paling pojok atau juga dengan lebar yang lebih menonjol, sedangkan warna gelang yang pertama agak sedikit ke dalam. Dengan demikian pemakai sudah langsung mengetahui berapa toleransi dari resistor tersebut. Kalau anda telah bisa menentukan mana gelang yang pertama selanjutnya adalah membaca nilai resistansinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jumlah gelang yang melingkar pada resistor umumnya sesuai dengan besar toleransinya. Biasanya resistor dengan toleransi 5%, 10% atau 20% memiliki 3 gelang (tidak termasuk gelang toleransi). Tetapi resistor dengan toleransi 1% atau 2% (toleransi kecil) memiliki 4 gelang (tidak termasuk gelang toleransi). Gelang pertama dan seterusnya berturut-turut menunjukkan besar nilai satuan, dan gelang terakhir adalah faktor pengalinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misalnya resistor dengan gelang kuning, violet, merah dan emas. Gelang berwarna emas adalah gelang toleransi. Dengan demikian urutan warna gelang resitor ini adalah, gelang pertama berwarna kuning, gelang kedua berwana violet dan gelang ke tiga berwarna merah. Gelang ke empat tentu saja yang berwarna emas dan ini adalah gelang toleransi. Dari tabel-1 diketahui jika gelang toleransi berwarna emas, berarti resitor ini memiliki toleransi 5%. Nilai resistansisnya dihitung sesuai dengan urutan warnanya. Pertama yang dilakukan adalah menentukan nilai satuan dari resistor ini. Karena resitor ini resistor 5% (yang biasanya memiliki tiga gelang selain gelang toleransi), maka nilai satuannya ditentukan oleh gelang pertama dan gelang kedua. Masih dari tabel-1 diketahui gelang kuning nilainya = 4 dan gelang violet nilainya = 7. Jadi gelang pertama dan kedua atau kuning dan violet berurutan, nilai satuannya adalah 47. Gelang ketiga adalah faktor pengali, dan jika warna gelangnya merah berarti faktor pengalinya adalah 100. Sehingga dengan ini diketahui nilai resistansi resistor tersebut adalah nilai satuan x faktor pengali atau 47 x 100 = 4.7K Ohm dan toleransinya adalah 5%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spesifikasi lain yang perlu diperhatikan dalam memilih resitor pada suatu rancangan selain besar resistansi adalah besar watt-nya. Karena resistor bekerja dengan dialiri arus listrik, maka akan terjadi disipasi daya berupa panas sebesar W=I<sup>2</sup>R watt. Semakin besar ukuran fisik suatu resistor bisa menunjukkan semakin besar kemampuan disipasi daya resistor tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umumnya di pasar tersedia ukuran 1/8, 1/4, 1, 2, 5, 10 dan 20 watt. Resistor yang memiliki disipasi daya 5, 10 dan 20 watt umumnya berbentuk kubik memanjang persegi empat berwarna putih, namun ada juga yang berbentuk silinder. Tetapi biasanya untuk resistor ukuran jumbo ini nilai resistansi dicetak langsung dibadannya, misalnya 100</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">W</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5W. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Mirza Faturrahiimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800065698471128402noreply@blogger.com0